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The introduction outlines seven themes that are treated in the book. One important theme is that the social categories that constitute the “intractable poor” (convicts, slaves, free Africans, Indians in government-organized villages, and enlisted soldiers and sailors) are interconnected and mutually constitutive. While the statuses of these categories are different, all were subject to varying degrees of coercive labor extraction. The introduction also highlights the phenomena of “category drift” that accelerated after the end of the transatlantic slave trade in 1850, the mobilization for the Paraguayan War (1864–1870), and the rise of abolitionism in the 1880s. Slavery’s slow demise lessened the cache of merely being free and made even more privileged members of the free poor sensitive to the threat of category drift and the coercive labor extraction it could represent.

penal transportation, social stratification,

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Punishment in Paradise: Race, Slavery, Human Rights, and a Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Penal Colony

Punishment in Paradise: Race, Slavery, Human Rights, and a Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Penal Colony

By

Duke University Press

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822375890

Copyright:

This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.

ISBN electronic:

978-0-8223-7589-0

Publication date:

2015

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