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The deportation of U.S. citizens as aliens is amenable to several possible explanations. Racism and errors of law enforcement unconstrained by due process provide the atmospheric background for these events but are not independent causes. Chapter 12 uses deconstruction for close readings of laws and court decisions enabling the deportation of U.S. citizens, a scenario that can be understood as aliens creating and using laws for deporting citizens. Jacqueline Stevens uses insights from Jacques Derrida and describes these legally staged events as “apologues,” a form of rhetoric that reduces protagonists to thin caricatures or animals to convey an apparently moral lesson, often one that is grim and apparently irrational. Her reading of citizenship law’s jurisprudence initiates a political theory of citizenship narratives as paradox.

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