Skip to Main Content
Skip Nav Destination
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.

This introduction raises the question of “why there was an impotence epidemic” in China, particularly in the 1990s. Countering the dominant biological perspective, it raises the question about in what social contexts this impotence epidemic occurred. Then it disputes the negative assessment of this epidemic as only reflecting trauma, suffering, or a masculine crisis, by recognizing the rising desire of men and women to seek medication for impotence in order to enjoy sexual pleasure. As a result, this impotence epidemic is an effect of social, institutional, and discursive encouragement of desire, or “desiring production” in Deleuzian terms, reflecting the significant change that has been happening in the post-Mao economic reform. It also raises the question of what the ethical limits to such desiring production are.

This content is only available as PDF.

References

Adams
,
Rachel
, and
Savran
David
, eds.
2002
.
The Masculinity Studies Reader
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Adams
,
Vincanne
, and
Li
Feifei
.
2008
. “
Integration or Erasure? Modernizing Medicine at Lhasa’s Mentsikhang
.” In
Tibetan Medicine in the Contemporary World
, edited by
Pordie
L.
,
105
31
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Agamben
,
Giorgio
.
1998
.
Homo Sacer
. Translated by
Heller-Roazen
Daniel
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Agamben
,
Giorgio
.
2002
.
Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive
. Translated by
Heller-Roazen
D.
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Allison
,
Anne
.
1994
.
Night Work: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Altman
,
Dennis
.
2001
.
Global Sex
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Ames
,
Roger T.
1993
. “
The Meaning of Body in Classical Chinese Philosophy
.” In
Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice
, edited by
Kasulis
Thomas P.
,
Ames
Roger T.
, and
Dissanayake
Wimal
,
157
78
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
.
Anagnost
,
Ann
.
1997
. “
Making History Speak
.”
National Past-times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China
,
17
44
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Anagnost
,
Ann
.
2008
. “
From ‘Class’ to ‘Social Strata’: Grasping Social Totality in Reform-era China
.”
Third World Quarterly
29
(
3
):
497
519
.
Anderson
,
Robert
.
1992
. “
The Efficacy of Ethnomedicine: Research Methods in Trouble
.” In
Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnomedicine
, edited by
Nichter
Mark
,
1
18
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Andrews
,
Bridie
.
1997
. “
Tuberculosis and the Assimilation of Germ Theory in China, 1895–1937
.”
Journal of History of Medicine
52
:
114
57
.
Andrews
,
Bridie
.
2014
.
The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine, 1850–1960
.
University of British Columbia Press
.
Anonymous
.
1999
.
“Tianxiazhidaotan” [On the highest Dao under heaven]
. In
Zhonghua Xingxue Guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
, edited by
Youping
Fan
,
Zhichao
Shi
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
,
24
36
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Anonymous
.
2000
.
Huangdi Neijing [Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon]
. In
Zhongyi sibu jingdian [Four classics of Chinese medicine]
, edited by
Tianjin kexue jishu chubanshe
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin kexue jishu chubanshe
.
Appiah
,
Kwame Anthony
.
2006
.
Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Araujo
,
Andre
et al
.
1998
. “
The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Male Erectile Dysfunction: Cross-sectional Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
Psychosomatic Medicine
60
:
458
65
.
Araujo
,
Andre
.
2000
. “
Relation between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Incident Erectile Dysfunction: Prospective Results from Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
American Journal of Epidemiology
152
(
6
):
533
41
.
Bancroft
,
John
.
1992
. “
Foreword
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
Raymond C.
and
Leiblum
Sandra R.
,
vii
xviii
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Barnes
,
Linda
.
2005
. “
American Acupucture and Efficacy: Meanings and Their Points of Insertion
.”
Medical Anthropology Quarterly
19
(
3
):
239
66
.
Berlin
,
Isaiah
.
2002
.
Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Bhabha
,
Homi K.
1994
.
The Location of Culture
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Bianchi-Demicheli
,
F.
2005
. “
Erectile Dysfunction: To Prescribe or Not to Prescribe?
International Journal of Impotence Research
17
:
381
82
.
Biehl
,
João
.
2005
.
Vita
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Billeter
,
Jean-François
.
1985
. “
The System of ‘Class-status’
.” In
The Scope of State Power in China
, edited by
Schram
Stuart R.
,
127
69
.
London
:
School of Oriental and African Studies
.
Blakeslee
,
Sandra
.
2005
. “
Serious Rider, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life
.”
New York Times
,
October
4
. .
Boss
,
Medard
.
2001
.
Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology
. Translated by
Conway
Stephen
and
Cleaves
Anne
.
New York
:
Jason Aronson
.
Botz-Bornstein
,
Thorsten
.
2011
.
The Philosophy of Viagra: Bioethical Responses to the Viagrification of the Modern World
.
Amsterdam
:
Rodopi
.
Bourdieu
,
Pierre
.
1977
.
Outline of a Theory of Practice
. Translated by
Nice
R.
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Brandtstädter
,
Susanne
, and
Santos
Goncalo D.
, eds.
2008
.
Chinese Kinship: Contemporary Anthropological Perspective
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Bray
,
David
.
2005
.
Social Space and Governance in Urban China: The Danwei System from Origins to Reform
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Brown
,
Peter
.
1988
.
The Body and Society
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Brownell
,
Susan
.
1995
.
Training the Body for China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Brownell
,
Susan
.
1999
. “
Strong Women and Impotent Men: Sports, Gender, and Nationalism in Chinese Public Culture
.” In
Spaces of Their Own
, edited by
Yang
Mayfair
,
207
31
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Butler
,
Judith
.
1989
. “
Sexual Ideology and Phenomenological Description
.” In
The Thinking Muse: Feminism and Modern French Philosophy
, edited by
Allen
Jeffner
and
Young
Iris Marion
,
85
100
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Cai
Jieren
.
1998
.
“Mao Zedong guanyu renti xiesheng moter wenti de pishi” [Mao Zedong’s directive on the issue of nude models for practicing sketching human bodies]
.
Zhongguo wenhua bao (China Cultural News)
,
December
18
.
Candib
,
Lucy
, and
Schmitt
Richard
.
1996
. “
About Losing it: The Fear of Impotence
.” In
Rethinking Masculinity: Philosophical Explorations in Light of Feminism
, edited by
May
Larry
,
Strikwerda
Robert
, and
Hopkins
Patrick D.
,
211
36
.
Lanham, MD
:
Rowman and Littlefield
.
Chuji
Cao
.
2000
.
Zhuangzi qianzhu [A preliminary annotation of Zhuangzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Cao
Kaiyong
.
1997
.
“Zhongyi nankexue de lishi, xianzhuang yu qianjing” [The past, present, and future of nanke of TCM]
. In
Zhongyi nanke yanjiu yu linchuang jinzhan [The development in research and clinical practice of nanke of TCM]
, edited by
Kaiyong
Cao
and
Guangchong
Qi
,
1
5
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai kexuejishu chubanshe
.
Cao
Kaiyong
ed.
1989
.
Nanke yian [Medical cases of nanke]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyaokeji chubanshe
.
Cao
,
Nanlai
.
2010
.
Constructing China’s Jerusalem: Christians, Power, and Place in Contemporary Wenzhou
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
CCTV (China Central Television Station) International
.
2004
.
Interview with Dr. Jia Jinming
.
December
23
.
Chan
,
Anita
.
1985
.
Children of Mao
.
Seattle
:
University of Washington Press
.
Chang
Che-chia
.
2000
. “
Guangfang yixue fengke yu yixue fazhan: Yi beisong jibing fenlei yu shanghan yanjiu wei xiansuo” [The official classification of medical divisions and the development of medicine: Classification of diseases and studies of the Treaties on Cold Injury in the Northern Song period as clues]
.
Paper presented in the symposium “A History of Diseases,” Academia Sinica
,
Taipei
,
June 16–18
.
Cheah
,
Pheng
, and
Robbins
Bruce
, eds.
1998
.
Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Chen
Bojun
.
1990
.
“Shui jiekai le moping: Dui xinshiqi she xing wenxue de fansi” [Who opens the magic bottle: A reflection on literary representations of sexuality in the reform era]
.
Wenxue pinglun [Literary criticism]
, no.
3
:
27
28
.
Chen
Linong
.
1996
.
“Zhongguo jingji tiyu ‘yinsheng’ xianxiang tan yin” [An exploration of the causes of the phenomenon of ‘yin waxes’ in China’s sports]
.
Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute
20
(
1
):
15
21
.
Chen
,
Nancy N.
2003
.
Breathing Spaces
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Cheng
,
J.
,
Ng
E.
,
Ko
J.
, and
Chen
R.
.
2007
. “
Monthly Income, Standard of Living and Erectile Function in Late Life
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
19
:
464
70
.
Cheng
,
Tiejun
, and
Selden
Mark
.
1994
. “
The Origins and Social Consequences of China’s Hukou System
.”
China Quarterly
139
(
September
):
644
68
.
Cheng
Yi
and
Cheng
Hao
.
2004
.
ErCheng ji [A collection of the two Chengs’ works]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Choi
,
B. L.
2003
. “
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfuntion in Primary Care: Results of a Korean Study
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
15
:
323
28
.
Chu
,
Julie Y.
2010
.
Cosmologies of Credit: Transnational Mobility and the Politics of Destination in China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Clarke
,
Adell E.
,
Mamo
Laura
,
Fosket
Jennifer Ruth
,
Fishman
Jennifer R.
, and
Shim
Janet K.
, eds.
2010
.
Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Cleveland Clinic
.
2010
. “
Surgical Penile Implants
.” .
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1995
. “
The Pleasure of Castration: The Postoperative Status of Hijras, Jankhas, and Academics
.” In
Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture
, edited by
Abramson
Paul R.
and
Pinkerton
Steven D.
,
276
304
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1998
.
No Aging in India
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1999
. “
The History of Semen: Notes on a Cultural-bound Syndrome
.” In
Medicine and the History of the Body
, edited by
Otsuka
Yasuo
,
Sakai
Shizu
, and
Kuriyama
Shigehisa
,
113
38
.
Tokyo
:
Ishiyaku EuroAmerican
.
Cohen
,
Myron
.
1993
. “
Cultural and Political Inventions in Modern China: The Case of the Chinese ‘Peasant’
.”
Daedalus
122
(
2
):
151
70
.
Cohen
,
Theodore F.
, ed.
2000
.
Men and Masculinity: A Text-Reader
.
Belmont, CA
:
Wadsworth
.
Connell
,
R. W.
2005
.
Masculinities
. 2nd ed.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Crossley
,
Nick
.
1995
. “
Body Techniques, Agency and Intercorporeality: On Goffman’s Relations in Public
.”
Sociology
29
(
1
):
133
49
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
1990
. “
Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology
.”
Ethos
18
(
1
):
4
57
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
1993
. “
Somatic Modes of Attention
.”
Cultural Anthropology
8
(
2
):
135
56
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
, ed.
1994
.
Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
2008
. “
Intersubjectivity and Intercorporeality
.”
Subjectivity
22
:
110
22
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
2011
. “
Embodiment Agency, Sexual Difference, and Illness
.” In
A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment
, edited by
Mascia-Lees
Frances E.
,
137
56
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Dai
Jinhua
.
1999
.
Ershi shiji zhongguo nuxing shi fangtan
[An interview for a history of Chinese women in the twentieth century] on the program “Banbiantian” [Half the sky] on China Central Television
.
Video cassette diskette. Beijing
:
Zhongguo guoji dianshi zonggongsi
.
Dai
Jupu
.
1925
. “
Yixielun [On yijing]
.”
Zhongyi zazhi
14
(
March
):
11
12
.
Darmon
,
Pierre
.
1986
.
Damning the Innocent: A History of the Persecution of the Impotent in Pre-Revolutionary France
. Translated by
Keegan
Paul
.
New York
:
Viking
.
Das
,
Veena
.
2006
.
Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, ed.
2000
.
The Consumer Revolution in Urban China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
.
2010
. “
Who Gets the House? Renegotiating Property Rights in Post-Socialist Urban China
.”
Modern China
36
(
5
):
463
92
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, and
Friedman
Sara
, eds.
2014
.
Wives, Husbands and Lovers: Marriage and Sexuality in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Urban China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, and
Harrell
Steven
, eds.
1993
.
Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Elizabeth Anne
.
2012
.
Bad Souls: Madness and Responsibility in Modern Greece
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
.
1995
.
Negotiations
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
.
1997
. “
Desire and Pleasure
.” In
Foucault and His Interlocutors
, edited by
Davison
Arnold
,
183
92
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Guattari
Félix
.
1983
.
Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Guattari
Félix
.
1987
.
A Thousand Plateaus
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Parnet
Claire
.
1996
.
Gilles Deleuze’s ABC Primer
(film dir. Pierre-André Bountang). Summarized by Charles A. Stivale on URL (consulted May 2005): www.langlab.wayne.edu/CStivale/D-G/ABC1.html
.
Deng
Mingyu
.
2008
.
“Zhongguo dangdai xingxue fazhan gailun” [An overview of the development of contemporary sexology in China]
. .
Deng
Peng
, ed.
2006
.
Wusheng de qunluo 1964–1965 [The silent group 1964–1965]
.
Chongqing
:
Chongqing chubanshe
.
Deng
Yiwen
.
1998
.
“Cong zhongxin dao bianyuan” [From the center to the margin]
.
China Market Economy Times
,
March
6
.
Derrida
,
Jacques
.
2005
.
On Touching: Jean-Luc Nancy
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
.
1992
.
Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Healing in the Nepal Himalayas
.
Philadelphia
:
University of Pennsylvania Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
.
1997
.
Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless
.
Philadelphia
:
University of Pennsylvania Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
, and
Throop
Jason
.
2011
. “
Phenomenological Approach in Anthropology
.”
Annual Review of Anthropology
40
:
87
102
.
Dosse
,
François
.
2010
.
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari: Intersecting Lives
. Translated by
Glassman
Deborah
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Dreyfus
,
Hubert
.
2005
. “
Hubert L. Dreyfus Interview: Conversations with History
.”
Interviewed by Harry Kreisler
.
Institute of International Studies
,
University of California
,
Berkeley
. .
Du
Ruzu
.
1985
.
“Zhongyi ‘shen’ de yanjiu ji jidian kanfa” [A view of the studies of the kidney in Chinese medicine]
. In
Zhongguo zhongyi yanjiuyuan sanshinian tunwen xuan 1955–1985 [A collection of papers over the past thirty years of the Chinese Academy of TCM 1955–1985]
, edited by
Chinese Academy of TCM
,
486
87
.
Beijing
:
Zhongyi guji chubanshe
.
Elvin
,
Mark
.
1993
. “
Tales of Shen and Xin: Body-Person and Heart-Mind in China during the Last 150 Years
.” In
Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice
, edited by
Kasulis
Thomas P.
,
Ames
Roger T.
, and
Dissanayake
Wimal
,
213
94
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
.
Engels
,
Friedrich
.
1978
. “
The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State
.” In
The Marx-Engels Reader
, 2nd ed., edited by
Tucker
Robert C.
,
734
59
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Escoffier
,
Jeffrey
, ed.
2003
.
Sexual Revolution
.
New York
:
Thunder’s Mouth Press
.
Evans
,
Harriet
.
1997
.
Women and Sexuality in China: Dominant Discourses of Female Sexuality and Gender since 1949
.
Cambridge, UK
:
Polity Press
.
Fan Youping
,
Shi Zhichao
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
, eds.
1997
.
Zhonghua xingxue guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Fang
Gang
.
1999
.
Nanren jiefang [Men’s liberation]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonguo huaqiao chubanshe
.
Fang
,
Jianchun
.
2007
.
“Beijing gaoyuan zhongshenpanjue wanaike zhuanli you-xiao” [Beijing Supreme Court upholds that the patent of Viagra valid]
.
China Medical News
,
July
29
. .
Farmer
,
Paul
.
2004
.
Pathologies of Power
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1987
. “
Problems of Knowledge in Contemporary Chinese Medical Discourse
.”
Social Science and Medicine
24
:
1013
21
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1994
.
Knowing Practice
.
Boulder, CO
:
Westview Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1999
. “
Technologies of Everyday Life: The Economy of Impotence in Reform China
.”
Cultural Anthropology
14
(
2
):
155
79
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
2002
.
Appetites: Food and Sex in Post-socialist China
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
, and
Zhang
Qicheng
.
2012
.
Ten Thousand Things: Nurturing Life in Contemporary Beijing
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Farrer
,
James
.
2002
.
Opening Up: Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Fassin
,
Didier
.
2007
.
When Bodies Remember: Experiences and Politics of AIDS in South Africa
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Faubion
,
James D.
2012
. “
Foucault and the Genealogy of Ethics
.” In
A Companion to Moral Anthropology
, edited by
Fassin
Didier
,
67
84
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Feng
Yuming
and
Genqun
Cheng
.
1997
.
Zhongguo qixiang yu dili bingli xue [A study of traditional Chinese medicine on meteorological and geographical pathology]
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai kexuepuji chubanshe
.
Feng
Zhaozhang
.
1996
.
Feng shi jinnang milu [Secret records in Scholar Feng’s brocade]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Ferguson
,
James
.
1999
.
Expectations of Modernity
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Fink
,
Bruce
.
1995
.
The Lacanian Subject
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Fishman
,
Jennifer R.
2006
. “
Making Viagra: From Impotence to Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Medicating Modern America
, edited by
Tone
Andrea
and
Watkins
Elizabeth Siegel
,
229
52
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Fong
,
Vanessa
.
2011
.
Paradise Redefined: Transnational Chinese Students and the Quest for Flexible Citizenship in the Developed World
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Foster
,
George M.
1967
.
Tzintzuntzan: Mexican Peasants in a Changing World
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1988
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 3: The Care of the Self
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1990a
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 1. Translated by Robert Hurley
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1990b
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 2: The Use of Pleasure
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1994
.
The Order of Things
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1997
.
Michel Foucault: Ethics—Subjectivity and Truth. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
I
, edited by
Rabinow
Paul
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1998
.
Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
II
, edited by
Faubion
James D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
2000
.
Power. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
III
, edited by
Faubion
James D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
2003
.
Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974–1975
.
New York
:
Picador
.
Frank
,
Katherine
.
2002
.
G-strings and Sympathy
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1964
. “
Fixation to Traumas—The Unconscious
.” In
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XVI
, translated by
Strachey
James
.
London
:
Hogarth Press
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1989a
. “
Repression
.” In
The Freud Reader
, edited by
Gay
Peter
,
568
72
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1989b [1912]
. “
On the Universal Tendency to Debasement in the Sphere of Love (Contributions to the Psychology of Love I)
.” In
The Freud Reader
, edited by
Gay
Peter
,
394
400
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
2006
. “
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
.” In
The Penguin Freud Reader
,
132
95
.
New York
:
Penguin Books
.
Friedman
,
Sara L.
2006
.
Intimate Politics: Marriage, the Market, and State Power in Southeastern China
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Asia Center
.
Lianzhang
Fu
.
1959a
.
Yangshen zhi dao [The way of nurturing the body]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Fu
Lianzhang
.
1959b
.
Zai Maozhuxi de jiaodaoxia [Under Chairman Mao’s guidance]
.
Beijing
:
Zuojia chubanshe
.
Fu
Lianzhang
.
1979
.
Jiankang mantan [Casual Conversation about Health]
.
Beijing
:
Kexue puji chubanshe
.
Fu
Shan
.
1993
.
Fu Qingzhu nannüke [Fu Qingzhu on men’s and women’s medicine]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyao chubanshe
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
1994
. “
Rethinking van Gulik: Sexuality and Reproduction in Traditional Chinese Medicine
.” In
Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State
, edited by
Gilmartin
Christina
,
Hershatter
Gail
,
Rofel
Lisa
, and
White
Tyrene
,
125
46
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
1999
.
A Flourishing Yin
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
2005
. “
Rethinking van Gulik Again
.”
Nan Nü
7
(
1
):
71
78
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
, ed.
2010
.
Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Gadamer
,
Hans-Georg
.
1996
.
The Enigma of Health
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gao
Jihe
, ed.
1994
.
Zhongyi nanke zhengzhi leicui [A collection of cases of diagnosis and treatment of nanke diseases of Chinese medicine]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin Kexuejishu Chubanshe
.
Gao
Shiguo
.
1996
.
“Shouzhang cao yu fangshi yangsheng” [The walking cane exercise and sexual cultivation]
. In
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhi dao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangshen]
, edited by
Junde
Li
,
246
48
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Gardiner
,
Judith Kegan
.
2002
.
Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Gillette
,
Maris Boyd
.
2000
.
Between Macca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption among Urban Chinese Muslims
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gilmore
,
David
.
1990
.
Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Godelier
,
Maurice
.
1986
.
The Making of Great Men
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Goldstein
,
Irving
.
1998
. “
Impotence: Questions and Answers
.”
NOVA
.
PBS
,
May
12
. .
Good
,
Byron J.
1977
. “
The Heart of What’s the Matter: The Semantics of Illness in Iran
.”
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
1
:
25
28
.
Good
,
Byron J.
1994
.
Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Good
,
Byron J.
, and
Good
Mary-Jo DelVecchio
.
1980
. “
The Meaning of Symptoms: A Cultural Hermeneutic Model for Clinical Practice
.” In
The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine
, edited by
Eisenberg
Leon
and
Kleinman
Arthur
,
165
96
.
Dordrecht, Holland
:
D. Reidel Publishing
.
Good
,
Byron J.
,
Fischer
Michael M. J.
,
Willen
Sarah S.
, and
Good
Mary-Jo Delvecchio
, eds.
2010
.
A Reader in Medical Anthropology
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Good
,
Mary-Jo DelVecchio
,
Brodwin
Paul E.
,
Good
Byron J.
, and
Kleinman
Arthur
, eds.
1992
.
Pain as Human Experience: An Anthropological Perspective
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Greenhalgh
,
Susan
.
2008
.
Just One China: Science and Policy in Deng’s China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Greenhalgh
,
Susan
, and
Winckler
Edwin
.
2005
.
Governing China’s Population: From Leninist to Neoliberal Biopolitics
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gregor
,
Thomas
.
1977
.
Mehinaku: The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Grosz
,
Elizabeth
.
1994
.
Volatile Bodies
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Guang
,
Lei
.
2007
. “
Rural ‘Guerrilla’ Workers and Home Renovation in Urban China
.” In
Working in China: Ethnographies of Labor and Workplace Transformation
, edited by
Lee
Ching Kwan
,
56
76
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Guo
Qianheng
.
1996
.
“Jianshen fangbing ba yao” [Eight crucial points on strengthening the body and preventing illnesses]
. In
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhi dao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangsheng]
, edited by
Junde
Li
,
257
60
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Gupta
,
Akhil
.
1998
.
Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Gutmann
,
Matthew C.
2007
.
Fixing Men
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hammond
,
William
.
1974 [1887]
.
Sexual Impotence in the Male and Female
.
New York
:
Arno Press
.
Hansen
,
Mette Halskov
, and
Svarverud
Rune
, eds.
2010
.
iChina: The Rise of the Individual in Modern Chinese Society
.
Copenhagen
:
NIAS
.
Hanson
,
Marta
.
1998
. “
Robust Northerners and Delicate Southerners: The Nineteenth-Century Invention of a Southern Medical Tradition
.”
Positions
6
(
3
):
515
550
.
Hanson
,
Marta
.
2010
. “
Conceptual Blind Spots, Media Blindfolds: The Case of SARS and Traditional Chinese Medicine
.” In
Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia
, edited by
Furth
C.
,
228
54
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Haraway
,
Donna
.
1991
. “
A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century
.”
Simians, Cyborgs, and Women
,
149
82
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Harper
,
Donald J.
1998
.
Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts
. Translation and study by
Harper
Donald
.
London
:
Kegan Paul
.
Hay
,
John
.
1994
. “
The Body Invisible in Chinese Art?
” In
Body, Subject and Power in China
, edited by
Zito
A.
and
Barlow
T.
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
1962
.
Being and Time
.
New York
:
Harper and Row
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
2001
.
Zollikon Seminars
, edited by
Boss
Medard
, translated by
Mayr
Franz
and
Askay
Richard
.
Evanston, IL
:
Northwestern University Press
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
2005
.
The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy
. Translated by
Sadler
Ted
.
New York
:
Continuum
.
Herdt
,
Gilbert
.
1994
.
Guardians of the Flutes
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
1996
. “
Sexing Modern China
.” In
Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain
, edited by
Hershatter
G.
,
Honig
E.
,
Lipman
J.
, and
Stross
R.
,
77
93
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
1997
.
Dangerous Pleasures
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
2006
.
Women in China’s Long 20th Century
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Ho
,
Loretta Wing Wal
.
2011
.
Gay and Lesbian Subculture in Urban China
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Honig
,
Emily
.
2003
. “
Socialist Sex: The Cultural Revolution Revisited
.”
Modern China
29
(
2
):
143
75
.
Honig
,
Emily
, and
Hershatter
Gail
.
1988
.
Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980s
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Hou
Hongping
.
2003
.
“Guanyu ‘wushu ke du’ de sanzhong kanfa” [Three views on ‘Nothing is worth reading’]
.
New Weekly
,
November
12
.
Hsu
,
Elisabeth
.
1999
.
The Transmission of Chinese Medicine
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Hu
Wenhuan
, ed.
1997 [1592]
.
Shouyang congshu quanji [A complete collection of books on cultivation of life for longevity]
,
collated by Li Jingwei et al
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Huang
K’o-wu
.
1988
.
“Cong Shengbao yiyao guanggao kan minchu Shanghai de yi wenhua yu shehui shenghuo, 1912–1926” [Examining medical culture and social life in early Republican Shanghai through the lens of commercials on Shenbao]
.
Journal of Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica
17
(
2
):
141
94
.
Huashan Hospital of No. One Medical College
.
1977
.
Zhongyi [Chinese medicine]
.
Shanghai
:
Diyi yixueyuan
.
Hyde
,
Alan
.
1997
.
Bodies of Law
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Hyde
,
Sandra T.
2007
.
Eating Spring Rice: The Cultural Politics of AIDS in Southwest China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Jacka
,
Tamara
.
2005
.
Rural Women in Urban China: Gender, Migration and Social Change
.
New York
:
M.E. Sharpe
.
Jackson
,
Michael
, ed.
1996
.
Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Jacobs
,
Katrien
.
2012
.
People’s Pornography: Sex and Surveillance on the Chinese Internet
.
Chicago
:
Intellect
.
Jankowiak
,
William
.
1993
.
Sex, Death, and Hierarchy in a Chinese City
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Jeffreys
,
Elaine
, ed.
2006
.
Sex and Sexuality in China
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Jeong
,
S-J.
,
Park
K.
,
Moon
J-D.
, and
Ryu
S. B.
.
2002
. “
Bicycle Saddle Shape Affects Penile Blood Flow
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
:
513
17
.
Jhaveri
,
F. M.
,
Rutledge
R.
, and
Carson
C. C.
.
1998
. “
Penile Prosthesis Implantation Surgery: A Statewide Population Based Analysis of 2354 Patients
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
10
:
251
54
.
Jia
Pinwa
.
1993
.
Feidu [The defunct capital]
.
Beijing
:
Beijing Chubanshe
.
Jiang
Bishan
.
1932
.
“Zhongxiyi lun shen dichu zhi pipan” [A critique of the view on the conflict between Chinese medicine and Western medicine with regard to the kidney]
. In
Zhongyi xinlun huibian [A collection of new perspectives of Chinese medicine]
, vol.
1
, edited by
Shenxuan
Wang
,
30
31
.
Suzhou
:
Suzhou guoyi shushe
.
Hansheng
Jiang
and
Wanxuan
Jiang
.
1983
.
“Zhongguo chuantong shehui wenhua beijing zhong de xing wuneng” [Impotence in the cultural background of traditional Chinese society]
.
Dangdai yixue zazhi [Journal of modern medicine]
10
(
5
):
388
94
.
Jiang
Yubo
.
1965
.
“Jiang Yubo yian” [Medical cases treated by Jiang Yubo]
.
Guangdong Yixue
, no.
1
:
37
38
.
Jing
,
Jun
.
1996
.
The Temple of Memories
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Johannes
,
Catherine B.
,
Araujo
Andre B.
,
Feldman
Henry A.
,
Derby
Carol A.
,
Kleinman
Ken P.
, and
McKinlay
John B.
.
2000
. “
Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction in Men 40 to 69 Years Old: Longitudinal Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
Journal of Urology
163
:
460
63
.
Johnson
,
Mark
.
2007
.
The Making of the Body: Aesthetics of Human Understanding
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Jullien
,
François
.
2007
.
Vital Nourishment
. Translated by
Goldhammer
Arthur
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Kaplan
,
Helen S.
1974
.
New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
.
New York
:
Times Books
.
Kaptchuk
,
Ted J.
2002
. “
Acupuncture: Theory, Efficacy, and Practice
.”
Annals of Internal Medicine
136
(
5
):
374
83
.
Kimmel
,
Michael
.
2009
.
Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Kipnis
,
Andrew B.
1997
.
Producing Guanxi
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Kipnis
,
Andrew B.
2011
.
Governing Educational Desire: Culture, Politics, and Schooling in China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1980
.
Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1986
.
Social Origins of Distress and Disease: Depression, Neurasthenia, and Pain in Modern China
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1989
.
The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition
.
New York
:
Basic Books
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1999
. “
Experience and its Moral Modes: Culture, Human Conditions and Disorder
.” In
The Tanner Lectures on Human Values
, vol.
20
, edited by
Peterson
Grethe
,
357
420
.
Salt Lake City
:
University of Utah Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
2007
.
What Really Matters: Living a Moral Life amidst Uncertainty and Danger
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
,
Das
Veena
, and
Lock
Margaret M.
, eds.
1997
.
Social Suffering
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
, and
Kleinman
Joan
.
1985
. “
Somatization: The Interconnections in Chinese Society among Culture, Depressive Experiences and the Meanings of Pain
.” In
Culture and Depression
, edited by
Kleinman
A.
and
Good
B.
,
429
90
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
,
Yan
Yunxiang
,
Jing
Jun
,
Lee
Sing
,
Zhang
Everett
,
Tianshu
Pan
,
Fei
Wu
, and
Jinhua
Guo
.
2011
.
Deep China: The Moral Life of the Person
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kohrman
,
Matthew
.
2005
.
Bodies of Difference
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kohrman
,
Matthew
.
2008
. “
Smoking among Doctors: Governmentality, Embodiment, and the Diversion of Blame in Contemporary China
.”
Medical Anthropology
27
(
1
):
9
42
.
Kuriyama
,
Shigehisa
.
1999
.
The Expressiveness of the Body
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
1991
.
The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book I
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
1992
.
The Seminar. Book VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959–60
. Translated by
Porter
D.
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
2007
.
Ecrits
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Laqueur
,
Thomas W.
2003
.
Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Larson
,
Wendy
.
1998
.
Women and Writing in Modern China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Latour
,
Bruno
.
1993
.
We Have Never Been Modern
. Translated by
Porter
Catherine
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Leary
,
Charles Leland
.
1994
. “
Sexual Modernism in China: Zhang Jingsheng and 1920s Urban Culture
.”
PhD diss.
,
Cornell University
.
Lee
,
Ching Kwan
.
2007
.
Against the Law: Labor Protest in China’s Rustbelt and Sunbelt
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Lee
,
Haiyan
.
2006
.
Revolution of the Heart: A Genealogy of Love in China, 1900–1950
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Lee
Tender
.
2008
.
Nüren de zhongguo yiliao shi [Women’s Chinese medical history]
.
Taipei
:
Sanmin shuju
.
Lei
,
Sean Hsiang-lin
.
2002
. “
How Did Chinese Medicine Become Experiential? The Political Epistemolog y of Jingyan
.”
Positions
10
(
2
):
1
32
.
Lei
,
Sean Hsiang-lin
.
2014
.
Neither Donkey Nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle over China’s Modernity
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Leslie
,
Charles
, and
Young
Allan
, eds.
1992
.
Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Levine
,
Stephen B.
1992
. “
Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Aspects of Impotence: Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
Raymond C.
and
Leiblum
Sandra R.
,
198
225
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Li
Hanlin
.
2008
.
“Gaige yu danwei zhidu de bianqian” [The reform and the change in the system of danwei]
. In
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian 1978–2008 [Social change in China 1978–2008]
, edited by
Qiang
Li
,
179
216
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Li
Huilin
.
2009
.
“Guoji shiye xia de zhongguo jingji tiyu ‘yin sheng yang shuai’ xianxiang yanjiu” [A study of the phenomenon of ‘yin waxes and yang wanes’ of China’s sports from the international perspective]
.
Wuhan tiyuxueyuan xuebao [Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education]
43
(
3
):
19
27
.
Li
Jianmin
.
2000
.
Fangshu Yixue Lishi [Fangshu medicine history]
.
Taipei
:
Nantian Shuju
.
Li
Jianyi
.
1928
.
“Lun jing de yuanyi” [On the fundamentals of jing]
.
Yijie chunqiu
2
(
24
):
16
.
Li
Jiazhen
and
Guorong
Pang
.
1983
.
Zhongyi nanke zhenzhi [Diagnoses and treatment of men’s medicine of Chinese medicine]
.
Chongqing
:
Kexuejishu chubanshe Chongqing fenshe
.
Li
Jingwei
et al
, eds.
1995
.
Zhongyi da cidian [A comprehensive dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Li
Junde
, ed.
1996
.
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhidao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangsheng]
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Li
Ling
.
2006a
.
“Mawangdui fangzhongshu yanjiu” [A study of the bed chamber arts of Mawangdui scripture]
. In
Zhongguo fangshu zhengkao [A principal study of ancient Chinese fangshu]
,
302
42
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Li
Ling
.
2006b
.
Zhongguo fangshu xukao [A continuous study of ancient Chinese fangshu]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Li
Peilin
.
2008
.
“Gaige kaifang sanshinian yu shehui zhengce de bianhua” [Thirty years of reform and opening up and the change in social policy]
. In
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian [China’s thirty years of social change]
, edited by
Qiang
Li
,
341
73
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Li
Qiang
.
2008
.
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian [Thirty years of social change in China]
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue chubanshe
.
Li
Shizhen
.
2005 [1596]
.
Bencao Gangmu [Compendium of material medica]
.
Beijing
:
Renminweishen chubanshe
.
Li
Shuang
.
1992
.
Mengzi baihua jinyi [Contemporary vernacular translation of Mengzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shudian
.
Li
Shuang
.
1994
.
Zhuangzi baihua jinyi [Contemporary vernacular translation of Zhuangzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shudian
.
Li
Yangheng
.
1955
.
“Yong zhongyao zhiliao yangwei de chubu zhiyan” [The preliminary exploration of treating impotence with herbal therapy]
.
Zhongyi Zazhi
, no.
3
:
25
.
Li
Yinhe
.
1996
.
Zhongguo nüxing de xing yue ai [Sex and love of Chinese women]
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Li
Yinhe
.
2005
.
Shuo xing [On sexuality]
.
Harbin
:
Beifang wenyi chubanshe
.
Li
Zhongzi
.
1642
.
Shanbu yisheng weilun [Small comments on nurturing life—enhanced version]
.
Woodblock edition held by the Gest Library
,
Princeton University
.
Liang
,
Zhiping
.
2011
. “
The Death of a Detainee: The Predicament of Status Politics in Contemporary China and the Way out
.” In
Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience
, edited by
Zhang
Everett
,
Kleinman
Arthur
, and
Tu
Weiming
.
83
102
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Liao
Yuqun
.
1994
.
Qihuang yidao [The medical way of Qihuang]
.
Taipei
:
Hongye wenhua shiye youxiangongsi
.
Lin Shanshan
,
Liu Lin
,
Linlin
Jiang
, and
Qianru
Huang
.
2011
.
“Xingjiaoyu liushi nian: Zai Mengmei yu ganga zhong mosuo” [Sixty year’s of sex education: Groping in ignorance and awkwardness]
.
Southern People Weekly
,
August
26
. .
Lin
Xuan
.
1966
.
Zhao Feiyan waizhuan [An unauthorized biography of Zhao Feiyan]
.
Taipei
:
Yiwen yinshuguan
.
Liu
Dalin
.
1998
.
Zhongguo lidai fangneikao [A historical examination of Chinese sexuality]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongyi guji chubanshe
.
Liu
Dalin
.
2000
.
Ershishiji zhongguo xingwenhua [Chinese sexual culture in the 20th century]
.
Shanghai
:
Sanlian shudian
.
Liu
Jianjun
.
2001
.
Danwei Zhongguo [China under the system of danwei]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin renmin chubanshe
.
Liu
,
Lydia H.
1995
.
Translingual Practice
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Liu
Xiaomeng
.
1998
.
Zhongguo zhiqing shi [A history of China’s zhiqing]
.
Beijing
:
Dangdai zhongguo chubanshe
.
Liu
,
Xin
.
2002
.
The Otherness of Self
.
Ann Arbor
:
University of Michigan Press
.
Liu
,
Xin
.
2009
.
The Mirage of China: Anti-humanism, Narcissism, and Corporeality of the Contemporary World
.
New York
:
Berghahn Books
.
Liu
Xinwu
.
1979
.
“Aiqing de weizhi” [The place of romantic love]
. In
Aiqing xiaoshuoji [A collection of short stories on love]
, edited by
Shanghai wenyi chubanshe
,
235
48
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai wenyi chubanshe
.
Liu
Xinwu
.
2008
.
“Wei aiqing huifu weizhi” [Recovering the place for romantic love]
. .
Lock
,
Margaret
.
1995
.
Encounters with Aging
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Lock
,
Margaret
, and
Nguyen
Vinh-kim
.
2010
.
An Anthropology of Biomedicine
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Loe
,
Meika
.
2004
.
The Rise of Viagra
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Long
Yintai
.
1998
.
A, Shanghai nanren [Ah, Shanghai men]
.
Shanghai
:
Xuelin chubanshe
.
LoPiccolo
,
Joseph
.
1992
. “
Postmodern Sex Therapy for Erectile Failure
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
R. C.
and
Leiblum
S. R.
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Lou
Baiceng
and
Wang
Xiaochun
.
1964
. “Zhenjiu zhiliao yangwei linchuang liaoxiao guancha” [An examination of the clinical effect of acupuncture treatment of impotence]
.
Jiangsu Zhongyi
, no.
6
:
9
11
.
Louie
,
Kam
.
2002
.
Theorizing Chinese Masculinity
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Louie
,
Kam
.
2012
. “
Popular Culture and Masculinity Ideals in East Asia, with Special Reference to China
.”
Journal of Asian Studies
71
(
4
):
929
43
.
Lu
,
Xiaobo
, and
Perry
Elizabeth
, eds.
1997
.
Danwei: The Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspectives
.
Armonk, NY
:
M. E. Sharpe
.
Lu
Zijie
and
Xue
Jianyun
.
2000
.
“Yinwei yangwei bian” [On the difference between yinwei and yangwei]
.
Zhongguo yiyao xuebao
15
(
6
):
42
43
.
Lue
,
Tom F.
2000
. “
Erectile Dysfunction
.”
New England Journal of Medicine
342
(
24
):
1802
13
.
Ma
Shanzhen
.
1931
.
“Zhengqiu zhi yijing he yangwei de liaofa” [Soliciting therapies for spermatorrhea and impotence]
.
Yijie chunqiu
5
(
57
):
26
.
Mahmood
,
Saba
.
1996
. “
Cultural Studies and Ethnic Absolutism: Comments on Stuart Hall’s ‘Culture, Community, and Nation’
.”
Cultural Studies
11
(
1
):
1
11
.
Mai
Tianshu
.
1996
.
“Xing wangguo de yinmi shijie” [A secret world in the kingdom of sexuality]
. In
Nannü shiren tan [Works of ten men and women writers]
, edited by
Zhongguo dangdai qingai lunli zuoping shu xi bianji weiyuanhui
,
1
174
.
Beijing
:
Jinrizhongguo chubanshe
.
Malinowski
,
Bronislaw
.
1927
.
Sex and Repression in Savage Society
.
New York
:
Harcourt, Brace
.
Mamo
,
Laura
, and
Fishman
Jennifer R.
.
2001
. “
Potency in All the Right Places: Viagra as a Technology of the Gendered Body
.”
Body and Society
7
:
13
35
.
Marcuse
,
Herbert
.
1966
.
Eros and Civilization
.
Boston
:
Beacon Press
.
Martin
,
Emily
.
2001
.
Women in the Body
, rev. ed.
Boston
:
Beacon Press
.
Marx
,
Karl
.
1844
.
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts
.
Marx-Engels Library (online)
. .
Marx
,
Karl
.
1867
.
Capital Vol. I
.
Marx-Engels Library (online)
. .
Mascia-Lees
,
Frances E.
, ed.
2011
.
A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Masters
,
William
, and
Johnson
Virginia
.
1966
.
Human Sexual Response
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Masters
,
William
, and
Johnson
Virginia
.
1970
.
Human Sexual Inadequacy
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Mauss
,
Marcel
.
1979
.
Sociology and Psychology
. Translated by
Brewster
Ben
.
London
:
Routledge and Kegan Paul
.
McCabe
,
M. P.
,
Conaglen
H.
,
Conaglen
J.
, and
O’Connor
E.
.
2010
. “
Motivations for Seeking Treatment for ED: The Woman’s Perspective
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
22
:
152
58
.
McCullough
,
Andrew
.
1999
. “
Sildenafil (Viagra™) One Year Later: A Retrospective
.”
Sexual Dysfunction in Medicine
1
(
1
):
2
7
.
McKinlay
,
J. B.
2000
. “
The World Wide Prevalence and Epidemiology of Erectile Dysfunction
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research Supplement
4
:
6
11
.
McLaren
,
Angus
.
2007
.
Impotence: A Cultural History
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
McNamara
,
Erin R.
, and
Donatucci
Craig F.
.
2011
. “
Oral Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide
, edited by
McVary
Kevin T.
,
93
106
.
New York
:
Humana Press
.
Melchiode
,
Gerald
.
1999
.
Beyond Viagra
.
New York
:
Henry Holt and Company
.
Merleau-Ponty
,
Maurice
.
1962
.
The Phenomenology of Perception
. Translated by
Smith
C.
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Merleau-Ponty
,
Maurice
.
1973
.
The Visible and the Invisible
.
Evanston
:
Northwestern University Press
.
Mol
,
Annemarie
.
2002
.
The Body Multiple
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Murphy
,
Robert F.
2001
.
The Body Silent
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Nanda
,
Serena
.
1998
.
Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India
. 2nd ed.
Belmont, CA
:
Wadsworth
.
National Institutes of Health
.
1992
. “
Impotence
.”
NIH Consensus Statement
10
(
4
):
1
31
.
Nichter
,
Mark
.
1992
. “
Ethnomedicine: Diverse Trends, Common Linkage
.” In
Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnomedicine
, edited by
Nichter
Mark
,
223
59
.
Langhorne, PA
:
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers
.
Nietzsche
,
Frederic
.
1968
.
The Will to Power
.
New York
:
Random House
.
Nobile
,
Philip
.
1972
. “
What Is the New Impotence? And Who’s Got it?
Esquire
78
(
4
):
95
99
.
Nussbaum
,
Martha C.
1996
. “
Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism
.”
For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism
.
Boston
:
Beacon
.
Ong
,
Aihwa
, and
Chen
Nancy N.
, eds.
2010
.
Asian Biotech
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ong
,
Aihwa
, and
Collier
Stephen
, eds.
2004
.
Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
.
Osburg
,
John L.
2013
.
Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality among China’s New Rich
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Ostrovsky
,
Nikolai
.
1974
.
How the Steel Was Tempered
.
Moscow
:
Progress Press
.
Otis
,
Eileen
.
2011
.
Markets and Bodies: Women, Service Work, and the Making of Inequality in China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Ots
,
Thomas
.
1990
. “
The Angry Liver, the Anxious Heart and the Melancholy Spleen: The Phenomenology of Perceptions in Chinese Culture
.”
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
14
:
21
58
.
Palmer
,
David A.
2007
.
Qigong Fever
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Pan
Guangdan
.
1999
.
Pan Guangdan xuanji [Selected works of Pan Guangdan]
, edited by
Pan
Naigu
and
Pan
Naihe
.
Beijing
:
Guangming ribao chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
1995
.
Zhongguo xing xianzhuang [The reality of sexuality in China]
.
Beijing
:
Guangming ribao chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
1998
.
Zhongguo Dixia Hongdengqu [The underground red light districts in China]
.
Beijing
:
Institute of Sexual Sociology of People’s University
.
Pan
Suiming
.
2005
. “
Social Gender and Sex Work
.” In
The “Social Immunization” AIDS
, edited by
Yanning
Gao
,
262
92
.
Shanghai
:
Fudan daxue chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
2006
. “
Transformations in the Primary Life Cycle: The Origins and Nature of China’s Sexual Revolution
.” In
Sex and Sexuality in China
, edited by
Jeffreys
Elaine
,
21
42
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Pan
Suiming
,
Huang
Qi
,
Mei
Shi
, and
Xin
Wang
.
2008
.
Zhongguo xinggeming chenggong de shizheng [The empirical evidence of the success of the sexual revolution in China]
.
Gaoxiong, Taiwan
:
Wangyou chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011a
.
Sexual Sociology
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011b
.
“Xingqu heng sheng” [The flourishing of sexual enjoyment]
.
Ren zhi chu
(
May
). .
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011c
.
“Xingfu yuan yu hu-ai” [Sexual happiness comes from mutual love]
.
Ren zhi chu
(
June
). .
Parish
,
William
,
Luo
Ye
,
Stolzenberg
Ross
,
Laumann
Edward O.
,
Farrer
Gracia
, and
Pan
Suiming
.
2007
. “
Sexual Practice and Sexual Satisfaction: A Population Based Study of Chinese Urban Adults
.”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
36
:
5
20
.
Parker
,
Richard G.
2009
.
Bodies, Pleasures, and Passions
. 2nd ed.
Nashville, TN
:
Vanderbilt University Press
.
Parkes
,
Graham
, ed.
1990
.
Heidegger and Asian Thought
.
Honolulu
:
University of Hawaii Press
.
Payton
,
Terry
.
1990
. “
Self-injection Therapy
.” In
The Potent Male
, edited by
Goldstein
Irwin
and
Rothstein
Larry
,
116
18
.
Los Angeles
:
The Body Press
.
Petryna
,
Adriana
.
2002
.
Life Exposed
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Pickering
,
Andrew
.
1995
.
The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Pieterse
,
Jan N.
2001
. “
Hybridity, so What? The Anti-hybridity Backlash and the Riddles of Recognition
.”
Theory, Culture and Society
18
(
2–3
):
219
45
.
Pigg
,
Stacey Leigh
.
2000
. “
Languages of Sex and AIDS in Nepal: Notes on the Social Production of Commensurability
.”
Cultural Anthropology
16
(
4
):
481
541
.
Polt
,
Richard
.
1999
.
Heidegger: An Introduction
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Porkert
,
Manfred
.
1974
.
The Theoretical Foundations of Chinese Medicine: Systems of Correspondence
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Potter
,
Sulamith
.
1987
. “
Birth Planning in Rural China: A Cultural Account
.” In
Child Survival
, edited by
Scheper-Hughes
Nancy
,
33
58
.
Dordrecht, Holland
:
D. Reidel
.
Potts
,
Annie
.
2004
. “
Deleuze on Viagra (Or, What Can a “Viagra-body” Do?)
.”
Body and Society
10
:
17
36
.
Potts
,
Annie
,
Gavey
Nicola
,
Grace
Victoria M.
, and
Vares
Tiina
.
2003
. “
The Downside of Viagra: Women’s Experiences and Concerns
.”
Sociology of Health and Illness
25
(
7
):
697
719
.
Potts
,
Annie
, and
Tiefer
Leonore
, eds.
2006
. “
Viagra Culture
.”
Special Issue of Sexualities
9
(
3
).
Pritzker
,
Sonya
.
2007
. “
Thinking Hearts, Feeling Brains: Metaphor, Culture, and the Self in Chinese Narratives of Depression
.”
Metaphor and Symbol
22
(
3
):
251
74
.
Qian
Shushi
.
1931
.
“Zhengqiu yijing liaofa” [Seeking therapies for spermatorrhea]
.
Yijie Chunqiu
6
(
65
).
Qian
Yanfang
.
1990
.
“Wang Qi zhiliao yangwei suotan” [A discussion of Wang Qi’s way to treat impotence]
.
Zhongyi zazhi
, no.
2
:
21
22
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
1999a
.
“Yangwei zhongyi fabingxue he zhenghouxue guilü xintan: Fu 717 li liuxingbingxue diaochafenxi” [A new exploration of the etiology and symptomatology of impotence: An analysis of the 717 cases from the epidemiological study of impotence]
.
Zhongguo Yiyao Xuebao
14
(
6
):
33
37
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
1999b
.
“Gudai zhongyi bianzhi yangwei de wenxian yanjiu” [A study of the literature of diagnoses and treatment of yangwei in ancient Chinese medicine]
.
Journal of Nanjing University of TCM
15
(
5
):
311
14
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000a
.
“Jin wushinian zhongyi yanzhi yangwei shuping: Fu 866 pian wenxian fenxi” [On fifty years’ research on impotence in TCM: An analysis of 866 articles]
.
Zhongyi Wenxian Zazhi
, no.
1
:
37
47
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000b
.
“Zhongyi nankexue kaolue kaobian” [Rebuttal of an examination of nanke of TCM)
.
Zhongguo Yiyao Xuebao
, no.
2
:
71
73
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000c
.
“Yangwei bingming yu guishu ji bianbing yanbian kao” [On the naming of impotence and the evolution of its classifcation and clinical differentiation]
.
Zhongguo yixueshi zazhi [Chinese journal of medical history]
30
(
1
):
28
31
.
Qin
Hui
.
2003
. “
Zhongguo dangqian de jingji zhuanggui (On current China’s change of economic ownership)
.”
Zhongguowang
.
January
13
. .
Qin
Hui
.
2010
. “
Cong nanfei kan zhongguo hequhecong de qianjing bijiao (A comparison between South Africa and China in the future development)
.”
Caijing-wang
,
April
15
. .
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
1996
. “
Representations Are Social Facts: Modernity and Post-Modernity in Anthropology
.”
Essays on the Anthropology of Reason
,
28
58
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
1998
. “
Introduction: The History of Systems of Thought
.” In
Michel Foucault: Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth
, by
Foucault
Michel
, edited by
Rabinow
Paul
,
x
xlii
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
2007
.
Marking Time: On the Anthropology of the Contemporary
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rajfer
,
J.
2008
. “
Discovery of no in the penis
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
20
:
431
36
.
Reich
,
Wilhelm
.
1970
.
The Mass Psychology of Fascism
.
New York
:
Noonday Press
.
Riley
,
A.
2002
. “
The Role of the Partner in Erectile Dysfunction and Its Treatment
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
(
suppl.
):
105
9
.
Riley
,
Nancy
.
1997
. “
Gender Equality in China: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
.” In
China Briefing: The Contradictions of Change
, edited by
Joseph
William
,
79
108
.
Armonk, NY
:
M. E. Sharpe
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
1999
.
Other Modernities
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
2007
.
Desiring China
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
2010
. “
The Traffic in Money Boys
.”
Positions
18
(
2
):
425
58
.
Rosaldo
,
Renato
.
1995
.
Foreword
. In
Hybrid Cultures
. Translated by
Chiappari
C.
and
Lopez
S.
, edited by
Canclini
Nestor Garcia
,
xi
xviii
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Rose
,
Nikolas
.
2006
.
The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rosen
,
Raymond
, and
Leiblum
Sandra
, eds.
1992
. “
Erectile Disorders: An Overview of Historical Trends and Clinical Perspectives
.”
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
,
3
26
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Rosen
,
Raymond C.
,
Cappelleri
J. C.
, and
Gendrano
N.
III
.
2002
. “
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): A State-of-the-Science Review
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
:
226
44
.
Ruan
,
Fangfu
.
1991
.
Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture
.
New York
:
Springer
.
Ruan
,
Fangfu
, and
Bullough
Vern L.
.
1989
. “
Sex Repression in Contemporary China
.” In
Building a World Community in the 21st Century
, edited by
Kurtz
Paul
,
198
201
.
Buffalo, NY
:
Prometheus Books
.
Scarry
,
Elaine
.
1985
.
The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2001
. “
Shaping Chinese Medicine: Two Case Studies from Contemporary China
.” In
Innovations in Chinese Medicine
, edited by
Hsu
Elisabeth
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2002
.
Chinese Medicine in Contemporary China: Plurality and Synthesis
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2007
.
Currents of Tradition in Chinese Medicine 1626–2006
.
Seattle
:
Eastland Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2013
. “
The People’s Republic of China
.” In
Chinese Medicine and Healing: An Illustrated History
, edited by
Hinrichs
T. J.
and
Barnes
Linda L.
,
239
83
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Schein
,
Louisa
.
1997
. “
Gender and Internal Orientalism in China
.”
Modern China
23
(
1
):
69
98
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
.
1992
.
Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
.
2008
. “
A Talent for Life: Refections on Human Vulnerability and Resilience
.”
Ethnos
73
(
1
):
25
56
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
, and
Lock
Margaret
.
1987
. “
The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to the Future in Medical Anthropology
.”
Medical Anthropology Quarterly
1
(
1
):
6
41
.
Sha
Yexin
.
1986
.
“Xunzhao nanzihan” [Searching for real men]
.
October
, no.
3
.
Shapiro
,
Hugh
.
2000
. “
Neurasthenia and the Assimilation of Nerves into China
.”
Paper presented in “Symposium on the History of Disease” in Academia Sinica
,
Taipei, Taiwan
.
June 16–18
.
Shapiro
,
Hugh
.
1998
. “
The Puzzle of Spermatorrhea in Republican China
.”
Positions
6
(
3
):
551
96
.
Shen
Zhonggui
.
1926
.
“Yijing lun” [On yijing]
.
Zhangyi zazhi
, no.
12
:
17
18
.
Shen
Zhonggui
.
1927
.
“Shen zhu lu niao shuo” [On the kidney’s function of filtering urine]
.
Zhongyi Zazhi
, no.
25
:
18
19
.
Shi
Yonggang
and
Liu
Qiongxiong
.
2006
.
Lei Feng: 1940–1962
.
Beijing
:
Sanlian shudian
.
Shiri
,
R.
2004
. “
Effect of Life-style Factors on Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
16
:
389
94
.
Shusterman
,
Richard
.
2005
. “
The Silent, Limping Body of Philosophy
.” In
The Cambridge Companion to Merleay-Ponty
, edited by
Carman
Taylor
and
Hansen
Mark B. N.
,
151
80
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Shusterman
,
Richard
.
2008
.
Body Consciousness
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Simmons
,
M.
, and
Montague
D. K.
.
2008
. “
Penile Prosthesis Implantation: Past, Present and Future
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
20
:
437
44
.
Sivin
,
Nathan
.
1987
.
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary China
.
Ann Arbor
:
Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan
.
Solinger
,
Dorothy
.
1999
.
Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the State, and the Logic of the Market
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Song Shugong
,
ed
.
1991
.
Zhongguo gudai fangshi yangsheng jiyao [A selected collection of sexual cultivation in ancient China]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiao keji chubanshe
.
Stacey
,
Judith
.
1984
.
Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China
.
Berkeley, CA
:
University of California Press
.
State Administration of TCM of Ministry of Health of PRC
.
1993
.
Zhongyi xinyao zhiliao yangwei de linchuang yanjiu zhidao yuanzhe [Guidelines for clinical research on new drugs for treating impotence in Chinese medicine]
.
Beijing
:
The Ministry of Health
.
Stekel
,
Wilhelm
.
1959 [1927]
.
Impotence in the Male: The Psychic Disorders of Sexual Function in the Male
.
New York
:
Liveright Publishing Corporation
.
Stoller
,
Paul
.
1995
.
Embodying Colonial Memories: Spirit Possession, Power, and the Hauka in West Africa
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Sullivan
,
Shannon
.
1997
. “
Domination and Dialogue in Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception
.”
Hypatia
12
(
1
):
1
19
.
Tao
Hongjing
.
1997
.
“Yangxing yanming lu” [On nurturing the nature to prolong life]
. In
Zhonghua Xingxue Guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
, edited by
Youping
Fan
,
Zhichao
Shi
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
,
54
58
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanse
.
Tian
Shuliang
.
1960
.
“Niu Huidong shi tan jingyan pangji” [Notes of the discussion by Teacher Niu Huidong of his healing experience]
.
Liaoning yixue zazhi
, no.
4
:
33
.
Tian
,
Xiaofei
.
2011
. “
The Making of a Hero: Lei Feng and Some Issues of Historiography
.” In
The People’s Republic of China at 60: An International Assessment
, edited by
Kirby
William C.
,
293
305
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Asia Center
.
Tiefer
,
Leonore
.
1986
. “
In Pursuit of the Perfect Penis
.”
American Behavioral Scientist
29
:
579
99
.
Tiefer
,
Leonore
.
1994
. “
The Medicalization of Impotence: Normalizing Phallocentrism
.”
Gender and Society
8
(
3
):
363
77
.
Tiefer
,
Leonore
.
2006
. “
The Viagra Phenomenon
.”
Sexualities
9
(
3
):
273
94
.
Tierney
,
Thomas
.
1999
. “
The Preservation and Ownership of the Body
.” In
Perspectives on Embodiment: The Intersections of Nature and Culture
, edited by
Weiss
Gail
and
Haber
Honi Fern
,
233
61
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Treichler
,
Paula A.
1999
.
How to Have Theory in an Epidemic: Cultural Chronicles of AIDS
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Turner
,
Bryan S.
2008
.
Body and Society
. 3rd ed.
Los Angeles
:
Sage
.
van Gulik
,
Robert H.
2003
.
Sexual Life in Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500 B.C. till 1644 A.D
.
Leiden
:
E. J. Brill
.
Vasavi
,
A. R.
1994
. “
‘Hybrid Times, Hybrid Peoples’: Culture and Agriculture in South India
.”
Man
29
(
2
):
283
300
.
Wacquant
,
Loïc
.
2004
.
Body and Soul: Notebooks of an Apprentice Boxer
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Walder
,
Andrew G.
1988
.
Communist Neo-Traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Walder
,
Andrew
.
2009
.
Fractured Rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard Movement
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Wan
Quan
.
1997 [1549]
.
“Guangsi jiyao” [Essential records on multiplying descendants]
. In
Zhonghua xingxue guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
, edited by
Youping
Fan
,
Zhichao
Shi
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
,
189
227
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Wang
Bo
.
2011
.
“Ding Xueliang: Liuxue wei xue zhishi, geng wei zhang jianshi” [Ding Xueliang: Studying abroad more for sharpening vision than for learning knowledge]
.
China Youth Daily
,
August
23
,
10
.
Wang
Dingyu
.
1931
.
“Wen yijing yu zaoxie zhi zhifa” [Asking for cures for yijing and premature ejaculation]
.
Yijie chungqiu
6
(
65
):
23
.
Wang
,
Fei-ling
.
2005
.
Organizing through Division and Exclusion: China’s Hukou System
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Wang
Fuzhi
.
1981
.
Zhuangzi jie [Exegesis of Zhuangzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Wang
Huaiyin
.
1980
.
Taiping Shenhui Fang
.
Taipei
:
Xinwenfeng chuban gongsi
.
Wang
Lun
.
2007
.
Mingyi zazhu
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Wang
Maohe
, ed.
1998
.
Zhongguo yangsheng baodian [Chinese treasured literature of nurturing life]
. 2nd ed.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyao keji chubanshe
.
Wang
Qi
.
1985
.
“Lun yangwei cong gan zhi” [On treating impotence through the liver]
,
recorded by Hong Dehua
.
Tianjin Zhongyi
, no.
5
:
15
.
Wang
Qi
.
1995
.
Zhongyi tishi xue [A study of traditional Chinese medicine on the bodily quality]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyao keji chubanshe
.
Wang
Qi
.
1997
.
Wang Qi nanke xue [Wang Qi’s study of men’s medicine of Chinese medicine]
.
Zhengzhou
:
Henan kexuejishu chubanshe
.
Wang
Qi
and
Cao
Kaiyong
.
1988
.
Zhongyi nanke xue [A study of men’s medicine of Chinese medicine]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin kexuejishu chubashe
.
Wang
Qingjie
.
2004
.
Jieshixue, Haidegeer he rudao jin shi [Hermeneutics, Heidegger and contemporary interpretations of Confucianism and Daoism]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe
.
Wang
Shenxuan
, ed.
1932
.
Zhongyi xinlun huibian [A collection of new perspectives of Chinese medicine]
.
Suzhou
:
Suzhou guoyi shushe
.
Wang
Shoukuan
.
2004
.
Xiaojing yizhu [Translation and annotation of the book of piety]
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai guji chubanshe
.
Wang
Wenbin
,
Zhao
Zhiyi
, and
Mingxun
Tan
.
1956
.
Xing de zhishi [Knowledge about sex]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Wang
Zhihua
.
1932
.
“Zhongyi he xiyi zhi yijing de xiangsixing” [My view of the commonality between Chinese medicine and Western medicine on the etiology of spermatorrhea]
. In
Zhongyi xinlun huibian [A collection of new perspectives of Chinese medicine]
, vol.
9
, edited by
Wang
Shenxuan
,
80
82
.
Suzhou
:
Suzhou guoyi shushe
.
Watson
,
James L.
2006
. “
Preface to First Edition
.”
Golden Arches East: McDonald’s in East Asia
. 2nd ed.,
i
xi
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Watson
,
James L.
, and
Caldwell
Melissa L.
, eds.
2005
.
The Cultural Politics of Food and Eating
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
.
Weber
,
Max
.
1976
.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Wen
,
Jung-kwang
, and
Wang
Ching-lun
.
1981
. “
Shen-k’uei Syndrome: A Culture-specific Sexual Neurosis in Taiwan
.” In
Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture
, edited by
Kleinman
Arthur
and
Lin
Tsung-yi
,
357
69
.
Boston
:
D. Reidel
.
Whitehead
,
Stephen E.
, and
Barrett
Frank
, eds.
2002
.
The Masculinities Reader
.
New York
:
Polity
.
Wu
,
Fei
.
2010
.
Suicide and Justice: A Chinese Perspective
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Wu
Liande
.
1932
. “
Preface
.” In
Jiankang shenghuo [The healthy life]
by
Miller
H. M.
.
i
iv
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai shizhao baoguan
.
Wu
,
Yi-Li
.
2010
.
Reproducing Women
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Wu
,
Yiching
.
2014
.
The Cultural Revolution at the Margins: Chinese Socialism in Crisis
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Wu
Zhiwang
.
1996 [1626]
.
Jiyin jiyang gangmu [To benefit yin and yang: A comprehensive guide]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Wuzhou Shi Zhongxiyijiehe Lingdaoxiaozu Bangongshi
.
1977
.
Zhongyixue xuanbian
[A collection of articles of TCM]
.
Xiao
,
Suowei
.
2011
. “
The ‘Second-Wife’ Phenomenon and the Relational Construction of Class-Coded Masculinities in Contemporary China
.”
Men and Masculinities
14
(
5
):
607
27
.
Xiaoren
.
1998
. “
Shi shui rang nanren yingbuqilai?” [Who makes men unable to get “hard on”?]
.
Shishang [Trend for gentlemen]
2
(
3
):
67
69
.
Xu
Hao
.
2007
.
“Wunian 670 beijing shewai zhishichanquan xingzheng an liucheng waiqi shengsu” [Foreign companies won 60 percent of 670 cases of intellectual property involving international parties over the past 5 years handled in Beijing]
.
China Economic Weekly
,
January
8
. .
Xu
Kun
.
2000
.
“Gouri de zuqiu” [The fucking soccer]
. In
Shiji zhi men [The gate of the century]
, edited by
Jinhua
Dai
,
330
49
.
Beijing
:
Shehuikexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Xu
Zidong
.
2012
.
“Chong du wenge” [Re-read the Cultural Revolution]
.
Southern Weekend
,
February
23
. .
Yan
,
Yunxiang
.
1996
.
The Flow of Gifts
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Yan
,
Yunxiang
.
2003
.
Private Life under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village 1949–1999
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Yan
,
Yunxiang
.
2010
.
The Individualization of Chinese Society
.
New York
:
Berg
.
Yan
Zhenghua
.
1996
.
“Duanlian, jiankang he changshou” [Physical exercise, health and longevity]
. In
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhi dao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangsheng]
, edited by
Li
Junde
,
328
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Yang
Boqin
.
1963
.
“Linchuang yanan er li” [Two clinical cases]
.
Jiangxi zhongyi [The Jiangxi journal of Chinese medicine]
, no.
5
:
27
.
Yang
,
Jie
.
2010
. “
The Crisis of Masculinity: Class, Gender, and Kindly Power in Post-Mao China
.”
American Ethnologist
37
(
3
):
550
62
.
Yang
,
Mayfair
, ed.
1999
.
Spaces of Their Own
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Yang
Xixian
.
1962
.
“Ziwo anmo fangzhi yijing yangwei” [The therapy of self-massage in curing and preventing spermatorrhea and impotence]
.
Fujian zhongyi [Fujian journal of traditional Chinese medicine]
,
February
:
25
.
Yang
Zuomei
.
1977
.
“Yangwei” [Impotence]
.
Xin Zhongyi
,
February
:
10
.
Yasuyori
,
Tamba
, ed.
1997 [1984]
.
Yixin fang
, vol.
21
. In
Zhonghua xingxue guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
, edited by
Youping
Fan
,
Zhichao
Shi
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
,
99
154
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Ye
Juquan
.
1930
.
“Zhangguo yiyao weisheng changshi” [The common sense of hygiene in Chinese medicine]
.
Yijie Chunqiu
5
(
52
):
16
19
.
Ye
Shaogong
.
1983
.
“Zhouzongli guanxin xingjiaoyu” [Premier Zhou is concerned about sex education]
.
Fu mu bi du
, no.
4
:
3
4
.
Young
,
Robert J. C.
1995
.
Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Yuan
,
J.
,
Hoang
A. N.
,
Romero
C. A.
,
Lin
H.
,
Dai
Y.
, and
Wang
R.
.
2010
. “
Vacuum Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction—Science and Clinical Evidence
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
22
:
211
19
.
Zeng
Tianzhi
.
1937
.
“Yijingbing de zhenjiu liaofa” [Acupuncture treatment of yijing]
.
Guoyi dizhu yuekan
1
(
January
):
42
44
.
Zhan
,
Mei
.
2009
.
Other-Worldly: Making Chinese Medicine through Transnational Frames
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2001
. “
Goudui and the State: Constructing Entrepreneurial Masculinity in Two Cosmopolitan Areas of Postsocialist China
.” In
Gendered Modernities: Ethnographic Perspectives
, edited by
Hodgson
Dorothy
,
235
65
.
New York
:
Palgrave
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2003
. “
Power, Agency, and Medicine in China
.”
Metascience
12
:
325
29
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2007a
. “
Switching between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Viagra: Cosmopolitanism and Medical Pluralism Today
.”
Medical Anthropology
26
(
2
):
53
96
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2007b
. “
The Birth of Nanke (Men’s Medicine): The Making of the Subject of Desire
.”
American Ethnologist
34
(
3
):
491
508
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2011a
. “
Governmentality in China
.”
Introduction to Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience: The Quest for an Adequate Life
, edited by
Zhang
Everett
,
Kleinman
Arthur
, and
Tu
Weiming
,
1
30
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2011b
. “
The Truth about the Death Toll in the Great Leap Famine in Sichuan: An Analysis of Maoist Sovereignty
.” In
Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience: The Quest for an Adequate Life
, edited by
Zhang
Everett
,
Kleinman
Arthur
, and
Tu
Weiming
,
62
80
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2011c
. “
China’s Sexual Revolution
.” In
Deep China
,
coauthored by Arthur Kleinman et al.
,
106
51
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Zhang
,
Everett Yuehong
.
2013
. “
Flows between the Media and the Clinic: Desiring Production and Social Production in Urban Beijing
.” In
Media, Erotics, and Transnational Asia
, edited by
Mankaker
Purnima
and
Schein
Louisa
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Zhang
,
Heqing
.
2006
. “
Female Sex Sellers and the Public Policy in the People’s Republic
.” In
Sex and Sexuality in China
, edited by
Jeffreys
Elaine
,
139
58
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Zhang
Jiebin
.
1991
.
Jingyue quanshu [A complete collection of works by Jingyue]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Zhang
Jingsheng
.
1998
.
Zhang Jingsheng wenji [A collection of articles by Zhang Jingsheng]
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangzhou press
.
Zhang
,
Jingyuan
.
1992
.
Psychoanalysis in China: Literary Transformations 1919–1949
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University East Asia Program
.
Zhang
,
Li
.
2010
.
In Search of Paradise: Middle-Class Living in a Chinese Metropolis
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Zhang
,
Li
, and
Ong
Aihwa
, eds.
2008
.
Privatizing China: Socialism from Afar
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Zhang
Qicheng
and
Qu
Limin
.
2005
.
Zhonghua yangsheng zhihui [The Chinese wisdom of nurturing life]
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Zhang
Shusheng
.
1995
.
“Yangwei cong gan lunzhi kaolue” [An examination of the treating of impotence through the liver]
.
Beijing Zhongyi
, no.
5
:
14
15
.
Zhang
Xianliang
.
1992 [1985]
.
Nanren de Yiban shi Nüren [Half a man is woman]
.
Beijing
:
Huayi chubanshe
.
Zhang
Xianglong
.
1996
.
Heidegger he zhongguo tiandao [Heidegger and Chinese heaven’s way]
.
Beijing
:
Sanlian chubanshe
.
Zhang
,
Xudong
.
1998
. “
Marxism and the Historicity of Theory: An Interview with Fredric Jameson
.”
New Literary History
29
:
353
83
.
Zhang
Xuemei
.
2004
.
“150 wan zhang chufang kaichu: Weige jintian jin yaofang” [1.5 million prescriptions have been written: Viagra enters pharmacies today]
.
Beijing Evening News
,
Sept.
27
.
Zhang
Zhongjing
.
1997
.
Jingui yaolue [Medical treasures of the golden chamber]
.
Annotated by Yu Zhixian and Zhang Zhiji
.
Beijing
:
Zhongyi guji chubanshe
.
Zhang
,
Yanhua
.
2007
.
Transforming Emotions with Chinese Medicine: An Ethnographic Account from Contemporary China
.
Albany, NY
:
State University of New York Press
.
Zhang
Yinan
.
2002
.
Huangdi Neijing Suwen Jizhu [An annotated exegesis of plain question of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon]
.
Beijing
:
Xueyuan chubanshe
.
Zhang
Youjun
.
1990
.
Zhongguo Nanke Yian [Cases of nanke in Chinese medicine]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin Keji fanyi chubangongsi
.
Zhang
Zelin
.
1931
.
“Zhilin yilu biji: Yangwei” [Clinical notes on impotence]
Yijie chunqiu
5
(
56
):
23
.
Zhao
Hongjun
.
1989
.
Jingdai zhongyi lunzheng shi [A history of the polemics between Chinese medicine and Western medicine in modern times]
.
Hefei
:
Anhui kexue jishu chubanshe
.
Zheng
,
Tiantian
.
2009
.
Red Lights
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Zhong
,
Xueping
.
2000
.
Masculinity Besieged? Issues of Modernity and Male Subjectivity in Chinese Literature of the Late Twentieth Century
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Zhong
Youbin
,
Tan
Yuci
, and
Jianxue
Zhang
.
1988
.
“Xingshenghuo bu hexie zai lihun zhong de zuoyong” [The impact of inharmonious sexual life on divorce]
.
Journal of Chinese Psychological Hygiene
2
(
2
):
76
77
.
Zhongguo tongji nianjian 1999 [China Statistics Almanac 1999]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo tongji chubanshe
.
Zhongguo tongji zhaiyao 1999 [China Statistics Digest 1999]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo tongji chubanshe
.
Zhonghua quanguo gongshangye lianhehui
.
2006
.
Zhongguo minying jingji fazhan baogao 2005–2006 [A report of the development of China’s non-state-owned economy 2005–2006]
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Zhou
Chen
, ed.
1997
.
[Qing Dynasty]. Housheng xunzuan [The interpretation and compilation of ideas on treating life kindly]
. In
Shouyang congshu quanji [A complete collection of books on longevity and cultivation]
.
Compiled by Hu Wenhuan, collated by Li Jingwei et al
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Zhou
Yihu
and
Yang
Xiaomin
.
1999
.
Zhongguo de danwei zhidu [The danwei system in China]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo jingji chubanshe
.
Zhou
Zijian
.
1936
.
“Mengyi texiaofang” [An effective formula for curing yijing in dream]
.
Zhongyi shijie
9
(
6
):
47
48
.
Zhu
Xi
, ed.
1995
.
ErCheng yulu [Teachings of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao]
.
Jinan
:
Qilu shushe
.
Zhu
Zhenheng
.
1982
.
Ge zhi yu lun
. In
Nanxi xiansheng yizhu sizhong
.
Nanjing
:
Jiangsu guangling guji keyinshe
.
Žižek
,
Slavoj
.
1999
.
The Ticklish Subject
.
New York
:
Verso
.
Žižek
,
Slavoj
.
2010
. “
Deleuze and the Lacanian Real
.”
Accessed January 14, 2011. http://www.lacan.com/symptom11/?p=346
.
Zou
Yunxiang
.
1956
.
Zhongyi shenbing Liaofa [Therapies of Chinese medicine for the illnesses of the kidney]
.
Nanjing
:
Jingsu renmin chubanshe
.

Figures & Tables

Contents

Advertisement

References

References

Adams
,
Rachel
, and
Savran
David
, eds.
2002
.
The Masculinity Studies Reader
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Adams
,
Vincanne
, and
Li
Feifei
.
2008
. “
Integration or Erasure? Modernizing Medicine at Lhasa’s Mentsikhang
.” In
Tibetan Medicine in the Contemporary World
, edited by
Pordie
L.
,
105
31
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Agamben
,
Giorgio
.
1998
.
Homo Sacer
. Translated by
Heller-Roazen
Daniel
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Agamben
,
Giorgio
.
2002
.
Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive
. Translated by
Heller-Roazen
D.
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Allison
,
Anne
.
1994
.
Night Work: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Altman
,
Dennis
.
2001
.
Global Sex
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Ames
,
Roger T.
1993
. “
The Meaning of Body in Classical Chinese Philosophy
.” In
Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice
, edited by
Kasulis
Thomas P.
,
Ames
Roger T.
, and
Dissanayake
Wimal
,
157
78
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
.
Anagnost
,
Ann
.
1997
. “
Making History Speak
.”
National Past-times: Narrative, Representation, and Power in Modern China
,
17
44
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Anagnost
,
Ann
.
2008
. “
From ‘Class’ to ‘Social Strata’: Grasping Social Totality in Reform-era China
.”
Third World Quarterly
29
(
3
):
497
519
.
Anderson
,
Robert
.
1992
. “
The Efficacy of Ethnomedicine: Research Methods in Trouble
.” In
Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnomedicine
, edited by
Nichter
Mark
,
1
18
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Andrews
,
Bridie
.
1997
. “
Tuberculosis and the Assimilation of Germ Theory in China, 1895–1937
.”
Journal of History of Medicine
52
:
114
57
.
Andrews
,
Bridie
.
2014
.
The Making of Modern Chinese Medicine, 1850–1960
.
University of British Columbia Press
.
Anonymous
.
1999
.
“Tianxiazhidaotan” [On the highest Dao under heaven]
. In
Zhonghua Xingxue Guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
, edited by
Youping
Fan
,
Zhichao
Shi
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
,
24
36
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Anonymous
.
2000
.
Huangdi Neijing [Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon]
. In
Zhongyi sibu jingdian [Four classics of Chinese medicine]
, edited by
Tianjin kexue jishu chubanshe
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin kexue jishu chubanshe
.
Appiah
,
Kwame Anthony
.
2006
.
Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Araujo
,
Andre
et al
.
1998
. “
The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Male Erectile Dysfunction: Cross-sectional Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
Psychosomatic Medicine
60
:
458
65
.
Araujo
,
Andre
.
2000
. “
Relation between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Incident Erectile Dysfunction: Prospective Results from Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
American Journal of Epidemiology
152
(
6
):
533
41
.
Bancroft
,
John
.
1992
. “
Foreword
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
Raymond C.
and
Leiblum
Sandra R.
,
vii
xviii
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Barnes
,
Linda
.
2005
. “
American Acupucture and Efficacy: Meanings and Their Points of Insertion
.”
Medical Anthropology Quarterly
19
(
3
):
239
66
.
Berlin
,
Isaiah
.
2002
.
Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Bhabha
,
Homi K.
1994
.
The Location of Culture
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Bianchi-Demicheli
,
F.
2005
. “
Erectile Dysfunction: To Prescribe or Not to Prescribe?
International Journal of Impotence Research
17
:
381
82
.
Biehl
,
João
.
2005
.
Vita
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Billeter
,
Jean-François
.
1985
. “
The System of ‘Class-status’
.” In
The Scope of State Power in China
, edited by
Schram
Stuart R.
,
127
69
.
London
:
School of Oriental and African Studies
.
Blakeslee
,
Sandra
.
2005
. “
Serious Rider, Your Bicycle Seat May Affect Your Love Life
.”
New York Times
,
October
4
. .
Boss
,
Medard
.
2001
.
Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology
. Translated by
Conway
Stephen
and
Cleaves
Anne
.
New York
:
Jason Aronson
.
Botz-Bornstein
,
Thorsten
.
2011
.
The Philosophy of Viagra: Bioethical Responses to the Viagrification of the Modern World
.
Amsterdam
:
Rodopi
.
Bourdieu
,
Pierre
.
1977
.
Outline of a Theory of Practice
. Translated by
Nice
R.
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Brandtstädter
,
Susanne
, and
Santos
Goncalo D.
, eds.
2008
.
Chinese Kinship: Contemporary Anthropological Perspective
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Bray
,
David
.
2005
.
Social Space and Governance in Urban China: The Danwei System from Origins to Reform
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Brown
,
Peter
.
1988
.
The Body and Society
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Brownell
,
Susan
.
1995
.
Training the Body for China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Brownell
,
Susan
.
1999
. “
Strong Women and Impotent Men: Sports, Gender, and Nationalism in Chinese Public Culture
.” In
Spaces of Their Own
, edited by
Yang
Mayfair
,
207
31
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Butler
,
Judith
.
1989
. “
Sexual Ideology and Phenomenological Description
.” In
The Thinking Muse: Feminism and Modern French Philosophy
, edited by
Allen
Jeffner
and
Young
Iris Marion
,
85
100
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Cai
Jieren
.
1998
.
“Mao Zedong guanyu renti xiesheng moter wenti de pishi” [Mao Zedong’s directive on the issue of nude models for practicing sketching human bodies]
.
Zhongguo wenhua bao (China Cultural News)
,
December
18
.
Candib
,
Lucy
, and
Schmitt
Richard
.
1996
. “
About Losing it: The Fear of Impotence
.” In
Rethinking Masculinity: Philosophical Explorations in Light of Feminism
, edited by
May
Larry
,
Strikwerda
Robert
, and
Hopkins
Patrick D.
,
211
36
.
Lanham, MD
:
Rowman and Littlefield
.
Chuji
Cao
.
2000
.
Zhuangzi qianzhu [A preliminary annotation of Zhuangzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Cao
Kaiyong
.
1997
.
“Zhongyi nankexue de lishi, xianzhuang yu qianjing” [The past, present, and future of nanke of TCM]
. In
Zhongyi nanke yanjiu yu linchuang jinzhan [The development in research and clinical practice of nanke of TCM]
, edited by
Kaiyong
Cao
and
Guangchong
Qi
,
1
5
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai kexuejishu chubanshe
.
Cao
Kaiyong
ed.
1989
.
Nanke yian [Medical cases of nanke]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyaokeji chubanshe
.
Cao
,
Nanlai
.
2010
.
Constructing China’s Jerusalem: Christians, Power, and Place in Contemporary Wenzhou
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
CCTV (China Central Television Station) International
.
2004
.
Interview with Dr. Jia Jinming
.
December
23
.
Chan
,
Anita
.
1985
.
Children of Mao
.
Seattle
:
University of Washington Press
.
Chang
Che-chia
.
2000
. “
Guangfang yixue fengke yu yixue fazhan: Yi beisong jibing fenlei yu shanghan yanjiu wei xiansuo” [The official classification of medical divisions and the development of medicine: Classification of diseases and studies of the Treaties on Cold Injury in the Northern Song period as clues]
.
Paper presented in the symposium “A History of Diseases,” Academia Sinica
,
Taipei
,
June 16–18
.
Cheah
,
Pheng
, and
Robbins
Bruce
, eds.
1998
.
Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Chen
Bojun
.
1990
.
“Shui jiekai le moping: Dui xinshiqi she xing wenxue de fansi” [Who opens the magic bottle: A reflection on literary representations of sexuality in the reform era]
.
Wenxue pinglun [Literary criticism]
, no.
3
:
27
28
.
Chen
Linong
.
1996
.
“Zhongguo jingji tiyu ‘yinsheng’ xianxiang tan yin” [An exploration of the causes of the phenomenon of ‘yin waxes’ in China’s sports]
.
Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute
20
(
1
):
15
21
.
Chen
,
Nancy N.
2003
.
Breathing Spaces
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Cheng
,
J.
,
Ng
E.
,
Ko
J.
, and
Chen
R.
.
2007
. “
Monthly Income, Standard of Living and Erectile Function in Late Life
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
19
:
464
70
.
Cheng
,
Tiejun
, and
Selden
Mark
.
1994
. “
The Origins and Social Consequences of China’s Hukou System
.”
China Quarterly
139
(
September
):
644
68
.
Cheng
Yi
and
Cheng
Hao
.
2004
.
ErCheng ji [A collection of the two Chengs’ works]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Choi
,
B. L.
2003
. “
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Erectile Dysfuntion in Primary Care: Results of a Korean Study
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
15
:
323
28
.
Chu
,
Julie Y.
2010
.
Cosmologies of Credit: Transnational Mobility and the Politics of Destination in China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Clarke
,
Adell E.
,
Mamo
Laura
,
Fosket
Jennifer Ruth
,
Fishman
Jennifer R.
, and
Shim
Janet K.
, eds.
2010
.
Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Cleveland Clinic
.
2010
. “
Surgical Penile Implants
.” .
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1995
. “
The Pleasure of Castration: The Postoperative Status of Hijras, Jankhas, and Academics
.” In
Sexual Nature, Sexual Culture
, edited by
Abramson
Paul R.
and
Pinkerton
Steven D.
,
276
304
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1998
.
No Aging in India
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Cohen
,
Lawrence
.
1999
. “
The History of Semen: Notes on a Cultural-bound Syndrome
.” In
Medicine and the History of the Body
, edited by
Otsuka
Yasuo
,
Sakai
Shizu
, and
Kuriyama
Shigehisa
,
113
38
.
Tokyo
:
Ishiyaku EuroAmerican
.
Cohen
,
Myron
.
1993
. “
Cultural and Political Inventions in Modern China: The Case of the Chinese ‘Peasant’
.”
Daedalus
122
(
2
):
151
70
.
Cohen
,
Theodore F.
, ed.
2000
.
Men and Masculinity: A Text-Reader
.
Belmont, CA
:
Wadsworth
.
Connell
,
R. W.
2005
.
Masculinities
. 2nd ed.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Crossley
,
Nick
.
1995
. “
Body Techniques, Agency and Intercorporeality: On Goffman’s Relations in Public
.”
Sociology
29
(
1
):
133
49
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
1990
. “
Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology
.”
Ethos
18
(
1
):
4
57
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
1993
. “
Somatic Modes of Attention
.”
Cultural Anthropology
8
(
2
):
135
56
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
, ed.
1994
.
Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
2008
. “
Intersubjectivity and Intercorporeality
.”
Subjectivity
22
:
110
22
.
Csordas
,
Thomas J.
2011
. “
Embodiment Agency, Sexual Difference, and Illness
.” In
A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment
, edited by
Mascia-Lees
Frances E.
,
137
56
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Dai
Jinhua
.
1999
.
Ershi shiji zhongguo nuxing shi fangtan
[An interview for a history of Chinese women in the twentieth century] on the program “Banbiantian” [Half the sky] on China Central Television
.
Video cassette diskette. Beijing
:
Zhongguo guoji dianshi zonggongsi
.
Dai
Jupu
.
1925
. “
Yixielun [On yijing]
.”
Zhongyi zazhi
14
(
March
):
11
12
.
Darmon
,
Pierre
.
1986
.
Damning the Innocent: A History of the Persecution of the Impotent in Pre-Revolutionary France
. Translated by
Keegan
Paul
.
New York
:
Viking
.
Das
,
Veena
.
2006
.
Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, ed.
2000
.
The Consumer Revolution in Urban China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
.
2010
. “
Who Gets the House? Renegotiating Property Rights in Post-Socialist Urban China
.”
Modern China
36
(
5
):
463
92
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, and
Friedman
Sara
, eds.
2014
.
Wives, Husbands and Lovers: Marriage and Sexuality in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Urban China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Davis
,
Deborah
, and
Harrell
Steven
, eds.
1993
.
Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Davis
,
Elizabeth Anne
.
2012
.
Bad Souls: Madness and Responsibility in Modern Greece
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
.
1995
.
Negotiations
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
.
1997
. “
Desire and Pleasure
.” In
Foucault and His Interlocutors
, edited by
Davison
Arnold
,
183
92
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Guattari
Félix
.
1983
.
Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Guattari
Félix
.
1987
.
A Thousand Plateaus
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Deleuze
,
Gilles
, and
Parnet
Claire
.
1996
.
Gilles Deleuze’s ABC Primer
(film dir. Pierre-André Bountang). Summarized by Charles A. Stivale on URL (consulted May 2005): www.langlab.wayne.edu/CStivale/D-G/ABC1.html
.
Deng
Mingyu
.
2008
.
“Zhongguo dangdai xingxue fazhan gailun” [An overview of the development of contemporary sexology in China]
. .
Deng
Peng
, ed.
2006
.
Wusheng de qunluo 1964–1965 [The silent group 1964–1965]
.
Chongqing
:
Chongqing chubanshe
.
Deng
Yiwen
.
1998
.
“Cong zhongxin dao bianyuan” [From the center to the margin]
.
China Market Economy Times
,
March
6
.
Derrida
,
Jacques
.
2005
.
On Touching: Jean-Luc Nancy
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
.
1992
.
Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Healing in the Nepal Himalayas
.
Philadelphia
:
University of Pennsylvania Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
.
1997
.
Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless
.
Philadelphia
:
University of Pennsylvania Press
.
Desjarlais
,
Robert
, and
Throop
Jason
.
2011
. “
Phenomenological Approach in Anthropology
.”
Annual Review of Anthropology
40
:
87
102
.
Dosse
,
François
.
2010
.
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari: Intersecting Lives
. Translated by
Glassman
Deborah
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Dreyfus
,
Hubert
.
2005
. “
Hubert L. Dreyfus Interview: Conversations with History
.”
Interviewed by Harry Kreisler
.
Institute of International Studies
,
University of California
,
Berkeley
. .
Du
Ruzu
.
1985
.
“Zhongyi ‘shen’ de yanjiu ji jidian kanfa” [A view of the studies of the kidney in Chinese medicine]
. In
Zhongguo zhongyi yanjiuyuan sanshinian tunwen xuan 1955–1985 [A collection of papers over the past thirty years of the Chinese Academy of TCM 1955–1985]
, edited by
Chinese Academy of TCM
,
486
87
.
Beijing
:
Zhongyi guji chubanshe
.
Elvin
,
Mark
.
1993
. “
Tales of Shen and Xin: Body-Person and Heart-Mind in China during the Last 150 Years
.” In
Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice
, edited by
Kasulis
Thomas P.
,
Ames
Roger T.
, and
Dissanayake
Wimal
,
213
94
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
.
Engels
,
Friedrich
.
1978
. “
The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State
.” In
The Marx-Engels Reader
, 2nd ed., edited by
Tucker
Robert C.
,
734
59
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Escoffier
,
Jeffrey
, ed.
2003
.
Sexual Revolution
.
New York
:
Thunder’s Mouth Press
.
Evans
,
Harriet
.
1997
.
Women and Sexuality in China: Dominant Discourses of Female Sexuality and Gender since 1949
.
Cambridge, UK
:
Polity Press
.
Fan Youping
,
Shi Zhichao
,
Zihua
Chen
, and
Fengqin
Zhao
, eds.
1997
.
Zhonghua xingxue guanzhi [An ultimate collection of Chinese sexological classics]
.
Guangzhou
:
Guangdong renmin chubanshe
.
Fang
Gang
.
1999
.
Nanren jiefang [Men’s liberation]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonguo huaqiao chubanshe
.
Fang
,
Jianchun
.
2007
.
“Beijing gaoyuan zhongshenpanjue wanaike zhuanli you-xiao” [Beijing Supreme Court upholds that the patent of Viagra valid]
.
China Medical News
,
July
29
. .
Farmer
,
Paul
.
2004
.
Pathologies of Power
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1987
. “
Problems of Knowledge in Contemporary Chinese Medical Discourse
.”
Social Science and Medicine
24
:
1013
21
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1994
.
Knowing Practice
.
Boulder, CO
:
Westview Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
1999
. “
Technologies of Everyday Life: The Economy of Impotence in Reform China
.”
Cultural Anthropology
14
(
2
):
155
79
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
.
2002
.
Appetites: Food and Sex in Post-socialist China
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Farquhar
,
Judith
, and
Zhang
Qicheng
.
2012
.
Ten Thousand Things: Nurturing Life in Contemporary Beijing
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Farrer
,
James
.
2002
.
Opening Up: Youth Sex Culture and Market Reform in Shanghai
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Fassin
,
Didier
.
2007
.
When Bodies Remember: Experiences and Politics of AIDS in South Africa
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Faubion
,
James D.
2012
. “
Foucault and the Genealogy of Ethics
.” In
A Companion to Moral Anthropology
, edited by
Fassin
Didier
,
67
84
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Feng
Yuming
and
Genqun
Cheng
.
1997
.
Zhongguo qixiang yu dili bingli xue [A study of traditional Chinese medicine on meteorological and geographical pathology]
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai kexuepuji chubanshe
.
Feng
Zhaozhang
.
1996
.
Feng shi jinnang milu [Secret records in Scholar Feng’s brocade]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Ferguson
,
James
.
1999
.
Expectations of Modernity
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Fink
,
Bruce
.
1995
.
The Lacanian Subject
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Fishman
,
Jennifer R.
2006
. “
Making Viagra: From Impotence to Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Medicating Modern America
, edited by
Tone
Andrea
and
Watkins
Elizabeth Siegel
,
229
52
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Fong
,
Vanessa
.
2011
.
Paradise Redefined: Transnational Chinese Students and the Quest for Flexible Citizenship in the Developed World
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Foster
,
George M.
1967
.
Tzintzuntzan: Mexican Peasants in a Changing World
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1988
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 3: The Care of the Self
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1990a
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 1. Translated by Robert Hurley
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1990b
.
The History of Sexuality. Vol. 2: The Use of Pleasure
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1994
.
The Order of Things
.
New York
:
Vintage Books
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1997
.
Michel Foucault: Ethics—Subjectivity and Truth. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
I
, edited by
Rabinow
Paul
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1998
.
Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
II
, edited by
Faubion
James D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
2000
.
Power. Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984
, vol.
III
, edited by
Faubion
James D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
2003
.
Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974–1975
.
New York
:
Picador
.
Frank
,
Katherine
.
2002
.
G-strings and Sympathy
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1964
. “
Fixation to Traumas—The Unconscious
.” In
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XVI
, translated by
Strachey
James
.
London
:
Hogarth Press
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1989a
. “
Repression
.” In
The Freud Reader
, edited by
Gay
Peter
,
568
72
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
1989b [1912]
. “
On the Universal Tendency to Debasement in the Sphere of Love (Contributions to the Psychology of Love I)
.” In
The Freud Reader
, edited by
Gay
Peter
,
394
400
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Freud
,
Sigmund
.
2006
. “
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
.” In
The Penguin Freud Reader
,
132
95
.
New York
:
Penguin Books
.
Friedman
,
Sara L.
2006
.
Intimate Politics: Marriage, the Market, and State Power in Southeastern China
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Asia Center
.
Lianzhang
Fu
.
1959a
.
Yangshen zhi dao [The way of nurturing the body]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Fu
Lianzhang
.
1959b
.
Zai Maozhuxi de jiaodaoxia [Under Chairman Mao’s guidance]
.
Beijing
:
Zuojia chubanshe
.
Fu
Lianzhang
.
1979
.
Jiankang mantan [Casual Conversation about Health]
.
Beijing
:
Kexue puji chubanshe
.
Fu
Shan
.
1993
.
Fu Qingzhu nannüke [Fu Qingzhu on men’s and women’s medicine]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo yiyao chubanshe
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
1994
. “
Rethinking van Gulik: Sexuality and Reproduction in Traditional Chinese Medicine
.” In
Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State
, edited by
Gilmartin
Christina
,
Hershatter
Gail
,
Rofel
Lisa
, and
White
Tyrene
,
125
46
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
1999
.
A Flourishing Yin
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
.
2005
. “
Rethinking van Gulik Again
.”
Nan Nü
7
(
1
):
71
78
.
Furth
,
Charlotte
, ed.
2010
.
Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Gadamer
,
Hans-Georg
.
1996
.
The Enigma of Health
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gao
Jihe
, ed.
1994
.
Zhongyi nanke zhengzhi leicui [A collection of cases of diagnosis and treatment of nanke diseases of Chinese medicine]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin Kexuejishu Chubanshe
.
Gao
Shiguo
.
1996
.
“Shouzhang cao yu fangshi yangsheng” [The walking cane exercise and sexual cultivation]
. In
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhi dao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangshen]
, edited by
Junde
Li
,
246
48
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Gardiner
,
Judith Kegan
.
2002
.
Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Gillette
,
Maris Boyd
.
2000
.
Between Macca and Beijing: Modernization and Consumption among Urban Chinese Muslims
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gilmore
,
David
.
1990
.
Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Godelier
,
Maurice
.
1986
.
The Making of Great Men
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Goldstein
,
Irving
.
1998
. “
Impotence: Questions and Answers
.”
NOVA
.
PBS
,
May
12
. .
Good
,
Byron J.
1977
. “
The Heart of What’s the Matter: The Semantics of Illness in Iran
.”
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
1
:
25
28
.
Good
,
Byron J.
1994
.
Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Good
,
Byron J.
, and
Good
Mary-Jo DelVecchio
.
1980
. “
The Meaning of Symptoms: A Cultural Hermeneutic Model for Clinical Practice
.” In
The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine
, edited by
Eisenberg
Leon
and
Kleinman
Arthur
,
165
96
.
Dordrecht, Holland
:
D. Reidel Publishing
.
Good
,
Byron J.
,
Fischer
Michael M. J.
,
Willen
Sarah S.
, and
Good
Mary-Jo Delvecchio
, eds.
2010
.
A Reader in Medical Anthropology
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Good
,
Mary-Jo DelVecchio
,
Brodwin
Paul E.
,
Good
Byron J.
, and
Kleinman
Arthur
, eds.
1992
.
Pain as Human Experience: An Anthropological Perspective
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Greenhalgh
,
Susan
.
2008
.
Just One China: Science and Policy in Deng’s China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Greenhalgh
,
Susan
, and
Winckler
Edwin
.
2005
.
Governing China’s Population: From Leninist to Neoliberal Biopolitics
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Gregor
,
Thomas
.
1977
.
Mehinaku: The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Grosz
,
Elizabeth
.
1994
.
Volatile Bodies
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Guang
,
Lei
.
2007
. “
Rural ‘Guerrilla’ Workers and Home Renovation in Urban China
.” In
Working in China: Ethnographies of Labor and Workplace Transformation
, edited by
Lee
Ching Kwan
,
56
76
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Guo
Qianheng
.
1996
.
“Jianshen fangbing ba yao” [Eight crucial points on strengthening the body and preventing illnesses]
. In
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhi dao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangsheng]
, edited by
Junde
Li
,
257
60
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Gupta
,
Akhil
.
1998
.
Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Gutmann
,
Matthew C.
2007
.
Fixing Men
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hammond
,
William
.
1974 [1887]
.
Sexual Impotence in the Male and Female
.
New York
:
Arno Press
.
Hansen
,
Mette Halskov
, and
Svarverud
Rune
, eds.
2010
.
iChina: The Rise of the Individual in Modern Chinese Society
.
Copenhagen
:
NIAS
.
Hanson
,
Marta
.
1998
. “
Robust Northerners and Delicate Southerners: The Nineteenth-Century Invention of a Southern Medical Tradition
.”
Positions
6
(
3
):
515
550
.
Hanson
,
Marta
.
2010
. “
Conceptual Blind Spots, Media Blindfolds: The Case of SARS and Traditional Chinese Medicine
.” In
Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia
, edited by
Furth
C.
,
228
54
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Haraway
,
Donna
.
1991
. “
A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century
.”
Simians, Cyborgs, and Women
,
149
82
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Harper
,
Donald J.
1998
.
Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts
. Translation and study by
Harper
Donald
.
London
:
Kegan Paul
.
Hay
,
John
.
1994
. “
The Body Invisible in Chinese Art?
” In
Body, Subject and Power in China
, edited by
Zito
A.
and
Barlow
T.
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
1962
.
Being and Time
.
New York
:
Harper and Row
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
2001
.
Zollikon Seminars
, edited by
Boss
Medard
, translated by
Mayr
Franz
and
Askay
Richard
.
Evanston, IL
:
Northwestern University Press
.
Heidegger
,
Martin
.
2005
.
The Essence of Human Freedom: An Introduction to Philosophy
. Translated by
Sadler
Ted
.
New York
:
Continuum
.
Herdt
,
Gilbert
.
1994
.
Guardians of the Flutes
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
1996
. “
Sexing Modern China
.” In
Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain
, edited by
Hershatter
G.
,
Honig
E.
,
Lipman
J.
, and
Stross
R.
,
77
93
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
1997
.
Dangerous Pleasures
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hershatter
,
Gail
.
2006
.
Women in China’s Long 20th Century
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Ho
,
Loretta Wing Wal
.
2011
.
Gay and Lesbian Subculture in Urban China
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Honig
,
Emily
.
2003
. “
Socialist Sex: The Cultural Revolution Revisited
.”
Modern China
29
(
2
):
143
75
.
Honig
,
Emily
, and
Hershatter
Gail
.
1988
.
Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980s
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Hou
Hongping
.
2003
.
“Guanyu ‘wushu ke du’ de sanzhong kanfa” [Three views on ‘Nothing is worth reading’]
.
New Weekly
,
November
12
.
Hsu
,
Elisabeth
.
1999
.
The Transmission of Chinese Medicine
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Hu
Wenhuan
, ed.
1997 [1592]
.
Shouyang congshu quanji [A complete collection of books on cultivation of life for longevity]
,
collated by Li Jingwei et al
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo zhongyiyao chubanshe
.
Huang
K’o-wu
.
1988
.
“Cong Shengbao yiyao guanggao kan minchu Shanghai de yi wenhua yu shehui shenghuo, 1912–1926” [Examining medical culture and social life in early Republican Shanghai through the lens of commercials on Shenbao]
.
Journal of Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica
17
(
2
):
141
94
.
Huashan Hospital of No. One Medical College
.
1977
.
Zhongyi [Chinese medicine]
.
Shanghai
:
Diyi yixueyuan
.
Hyde
,
Alan
.
1997
.
Bodies of Law
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Hyde
,
Sandra T.
2007
.
Eating Spring Rice: The Cultural Politics of AIDS in Southwest China
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Jacka
,
Tamara
.
2005
.
Rural Women in Urban China: Gender, Migration and Social Change
.
New York
:
M.E. Sharpe
.
Jackson
,
Michael
, ed.
1996
.
Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Jacobs
,
Katrien
.
2012
.
People’s Pornography: Sex and Surveillance on the Chinese Internet
.
Chicago
:
Intellect
.
Jankowiak
,
William
.
1993
.
Sex, Death, and Hierarchy in a Chinese City
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Jeffreys
,
Elaine
, ed.
2006
.
Sex and Sexuality in China
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Jeong
,
S-J.
,
Park
K.
,
Moon
J-D.
, and
Ryu
S. B.
.
2002
. “
Bicycle Saddle Shape Affects Penile Blood Flow
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
:
513
17
.
Jhaveri
,
F. M.
,
Rutledge
R.
, and
Carson
C. C.
.
1998
. “
Penile Prosthesis Implantation Surgery: A Statewide Population Based Analysis of 2354 Patients
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
10
:
251
54
.
Jia
Pinwa
.
1993
.
Feidu [The defunct capital]
.
Beijing
:
Beijing Chubanshe
.
Jiang
Bishan
.
1932
.
“Zhongxiyi lun shen dichu zhi pipan” [A critique of the view on the conflict between Chinese medicine and Western medicine with regard to the kidney]
. In
Zhongyi xinlun huibian [A collection of new perspectives of Chinese medicine]
, vol.
1
, edited by
Shenxuan
Wang
,
30
31
.
Suzhou
:
Suzhou guoyi shushe
.
Hansheng
Jiang
and
Wanxuan
Jiang
.
1983
.
“Zhongguo chuantong shehui wenhua beijing zhong de xing wuneng” [Impotence in the cultural background of traditional Chinese society]
.
Dangdai yixue zazhi [Journal of modern medicine]
10
(
5
):
388
94
.
Jiang
Yubo
.
1965
.
“Jiang Yubo yian” [Medical cases treated by Jiang Yubo]
.
Guangdong Yixue
, no.
1
:
37
38
.
Jing
,
Jun
.
1996
.
The Temple of Memories
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Johannes
,
Catherine B.
,
Araujo
Andre B.
,
Feldman
Henry A.
,
Derby
Carol A.
,
Kleinman
Ken P.
, and
McKinlay
John B.
.
2000
. “
Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction in Men 40 to 69 Years Old: Longitudinal Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study
.”
Journal of Urology
163
:
460
63
.
Johnson
,
Mark
.
2007
.
The Making of the Body: Aesthetics of Human Understanding
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Jullien
,
François
.
2007
.
Vital Nourishment
. Translated by
Goldhammer
Arthur
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Kaplan
,
Helen S.
1974
.
New Sex Therapy: Active Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
.
New York
:
Times Books
.
Kaptchuk
,
Ted J.
2002
. “
Acupuncture: Theory, Efficacy, and Practice
.”
Annals of Internal Medicine
136
(
5
):
374
83
.
Kimmel
,
Michael
.
2009
.
Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Kipnis
,
Andrew B.
1997
.
Producing Guanxi
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Kipnis
,
Andrew B.
2011
.
Governing Educational Desire: Culture, Politics, and Schooling in China
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1980
.
Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1986
.
Social Origins of Distress and Disease: Depression, Neurasthenia, and Pain in Modern China
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1989
.
The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition
.
New York
:
Basic Books
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
1999
. “
Experience and its Moral Modes: Culture, Human Conditions and Disorder
.” In
The Tanner Lectures on Human Values
, vol.
20
, edited by
Peterson
Grethe
,
357
420
.
Salt Lake City
:
University of Utah Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
.
2007
.
What Really Matters: Living a Moral Life amidst Uncertainty and Danger
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
,
Das
Veena
, and
Lock
Margaret M.
, eds.
1997
.
Social Suffering
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
, and
Kleinman
Joan
.
1985
. “
Somatization: The Interconnections in Chinese Society among Culture, Depressive Experiences and the Meanings of Pain
.” In
Culture and Depression
, edited by
Kleinman
A.
and
Good
B.
,
429
90
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kleinman
,
Arthur
,
Yan
Yunxiang
,
Jing
Jun
,
Lee
Sing
,
Zhang
Everett
,
Tianshu
Pan
,
Fei
Wu
, and
Jinhua
Guo
.
2011
.
Deep China: The Moral Life of the Person
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kohrman
,
Matthew
.
2005
.
Bodies of Difference
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Kohrman
,
Matthew
.
2008
. “
Smoking among Doctors: Governmentality, Embodiment, and the Diversion of Blame in Contemporary China
.”
Medical Anthropology
27
(
1
):
9
42
.
Kuriyama
,
Shigehisa
.
1999
.
The Expressiveness of the Body
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
1991
.
The Seminar of Jacques Lacan Book I
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
1992
.
The Seminar. Book VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959–60
. Translated by
Porter
D.
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Lacan
,
Jacques
.
2007
.
Ecrits
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Laqueur
,
Thomas W.
2003
.
Solitary Sex: A Cultural History of Masturbation
.
New York
:
Zone Books
.
Larson
,
Wendy
.
1998
.
Women and Writing in Modern China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Latour
,
Bruno
.
1993
.
We Have Never Been Modern
. Translated by
Porter
Catherine
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Leary
,
Charles Leland
.
1994
. “
Sexual Modernism in China: Zhang Jingsheng and 1920s Urban Culture
.”
PhD diss.
,
Cornell University
.
Lee
,
Ching Kwan
.
2007
.
Against the Law: Labor Protest in China’s Rustbelt and Sunbelt
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Lee
,
Haiyan
.
2006
.
Revolution of the Heart: A Genealogy of Love in China, 1900–1950
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Lee
Tender
.
2008
.
Nüren de zhongguo yiliao shi [Women’s Chinese medical history]
.
Taipei
:
Sanmin shuju
.
Lei
,
Sean Hsiang-lin
.
2002
. “
How Did Chinese Medicine Become Experiential? The Political Epistemolog y of Jingyan
.”
Positions
10
(
2
):
1
32
.
Lei
,
Sean Hsiang-lin
.
2014
.
Neither Donkey Nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle over China’s Modernity
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Leslie
,
Charles
, and
Young
Allan
, eds.
1992
.
Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Levine
,
Stephen B.
1992
. “
Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Aspects of Impotence: Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
Raymond C.
and
Leiblum
Sandra R.
,
198
225
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Li
Hanlin
.
2008
.
“Gaige yu danwei zhidu de bianqian” [The reform and the change in the system of danwei]
. In
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian 1978–2008 [Social change in China 1978–2008]
, edited by
Qiang
Li
,
179
216
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Li
Huilin
.
2009
.
“Guoji shiye xia de zhongguo jingji tiyu ‘yin sheng yang shuai’ xianxiang yanjiu” [A study of the phenomenon of ‘yin waxes and yang wanes’ of China’s sports from the international perspective]
.
Wuhan tiyuxueyuan xuebao [Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education]
43
(
3
):
19
27
.
Li
Jianmin
.
2000
.
Fangshu Yixue Lishi [Fangshu medicine history]
.
Taipei
:
Nantian Shuju
.
Li
Jianyi
.
1928
.
“Lun jing de yuanyi” [On the fundamentals of jing]
.
Yijie chunqiu
2
(
24
):
16
.
Li
Jiazhen
and
Guorong
Pang
.
1983
.
Zhongyi nanke zhenzhi [Diagnoses and treatment of men’s medicine of Chinese medicine]
.
Chongqing
:
Kexuejishu chubanshe Chongqing fenshe
.
Li
Jingwei
et al
, eds.
1995
.
Zhongyi da cidian [A comprehensive dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine]
.
Beijing
:
Renmin weisheng chubanshe
.
Li
Junde
, ed.
1996
.
Minglao zhongyi tan yangsheng zhidao [Renowned and old doctors of Chinese medicine speak of the way of yangsheng]
.
Beijing
:
Huaxia chubanshe
.
Li
Ling
.
2006a
.
“Mawangdui fangzhongshu yanjiu” [A study of the bed chamber arts of Mawangdui scripture]
. In
Zhongguo fangshu zhengkao [A principal study of ancient Chinese fangshu]
,
302
42
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Li
Ling
.
2006b
.
Zhongguo fangshu xukao [A continuous study of ancient Chinese fangshu]
.
Beijing
:
Zhonghua shuju
.
Li
Peilin
.
2008
.
“Gaige kaifang sanshinian yu shehui zhengce de bianhua” [Thirty years of reform and opening up and the change in social policy]
. In
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian [China’s thirty years of social change]
, edited by
Qiang
Li
,
341
73
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe
.
Li
Qiang
.
2008
.
Zhongguo shehui bianqian sanshinian [Thirty years of social change in China]
.
Beijing
:
Shehui kexue chubanshe
.
Li
Shizhen
.
2005 [1596]
.
Bencao Gangmu [Compendium of material medica]
.
Beijing
:
Renminweishen chubanshe
.
Li
Shuang
.
1992
.
Mengzi baihua jinyi [Contemporary vernacular translation of Mengzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shudian
.
Li
Shuang
.
1994
.
Zhuangzi baihua jinyi [Contemporary vernacular translation of Zhuangzi]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo shudian
.
Li
Yangheng
.
1955
.
“Yong zhongyao zhiliao yangwei de chubu zhiyan” [The preliminary exploration of treating impotence with herbal therapy]
.
Zhongyi Zazhi
, no.
3
:
25
.
Li
Yinhe
.
1996
.
Zhongguo nüxing de xing yue ai [Sex and love of Chinese women]
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Li
Yinhe
.
2005
.
Shuo xing [On sexuality]
.
Harbin
:
Beifang wenyi chubanshe
.
Li
Zhongzi
.
1642
.
Shanbu yisheng weilun [Small comments on nurturing life—enhanced version]
.
Woodblock edition held by the Gest Library
,
Princeton University
.
Liang
,
Zhiping
.
2011
. “
The Death of a Detainee: The Predicament of Status Politics in Contemporary China and the Way out
.” In
Governance of Life in Chinese Moral Experience
, edited by
Zhang
Everett
,
Kleinman
Arthur
, and
Tu
Weiming
.
83
102
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Liao
Yuqun
.
1994
.
Qihuang yidao [The medical way of Qihuang]
.
Taipei
:
Hongye wenhua shiye youxiangongsi
.
Lin Shanshan
,
Liu Lin
,
Linlin
Jiang
, and
Qianru
Huang
.
2011
.
“Xingjiaoyu liushi nian: Zai Mengmei yu ganga zhong mosuo” [Sixty year’s of sex education: Groping in ignorance and awkwardness]
.
Southern People Weekly
,
August
26
. .
Lin
Xuan
.
1966
.
Zhao Feiyan waizhuan [An unauthorized biography of Zhao Feiyan]
.
Taipei
:
Yiwen yinshuguan
.
Liu
Dalin
.
1998
.
Zhongguo lidai fangneikao [A historical examination of Chinese sexuality]
.
Beijing
:
Zhongyi guji chubanshe
.
Liu
Dalin
.
2000
.
Ershishiji zhongguo xingwenhua [Chinese sexual culture in the 20th century]
.
Shanghai
:
Sanlian shudian
.
Liu
Jianjun
.
2001
.
Danwei Zhongguo [China under the system of danwei]
.
Tianjin
:
Tianjin renmin chubanshe
.
Liu
,
Lydia H.
1995
.
Translingual Practice
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Liu
Xiaomeng
.
1998
.
Zhongguo zhiqing shi [A history of China’s zhiqing]
.
Beijing
:
Dangdai zhongguo chubanshe
.
Liu
,
Xin
.
2002
.
The Otherness of Self
.
Ann Arbor
:
University of Michigan Press
.
Liu
,
Xin
.
2009
.
The Mirage of China: Anti-humanism, Narcissism, and Corporeality of the Contemporary World
.
New York
:
Berghahn Books
.
Liu
Xinwu
.
1979
.
“Aiqing de weizhi” [The place of romantic love]
. In
Aiqing xiaoshuoji [A collection of short stories on love]
, edited by
Shanghai wenyi chubanshe
,
235
48
.
Shanghai
:
Shanghai wenyi chubanshe
.
Liu
Xinwu
.
2008
.
“Wei aiqing huifu weizhi” [Recovering the place for romantic love]
. .
Lock
,
Margaret
.
1995
.
Encounters with Aging
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Lock
,
Margaret
, and
Nguyen
Vinh-kim
.
2010
.
An Anthropology of Biomedicine
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Loe
,
Meika
.
2004
.
The Rise of Viagra
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Long
Yintai
.
1998
.
A, Shanghai nanren [Ah, Shanghai men]
.
Shanghai
:
Xuelin chubanshe
.
LoPiccolo
,
Joseph
.
1992
. “
Postmodern Sex Therapy for Erectile Failure
.” In
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
, edited by
Rosen
R. C.
and
Leiblum
S. R.
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Lou
Baiceng
and
Wang
Xiaochun
.
1964
. “Zhenjiu zhiliao yangwei linchuang liaoxiao guancha” [An examination of the clinical effect of acupuncture treatment of impotence]
.
Jiangsu Zhongyi
, no.
6
:
9
11
.
Louie
,
Kam
.
2002
.
Theorizing Chinese Masculinity
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Louie
,
Kam
.
2012
. “
Popular Culture and Masculinity Ideals in East Asia, with Special Reference to China
.”
Journal of Asian Studies
71
(
4
):
929
43
.
Lu
,
Xiaobo
, and
Perry
Elizabeth
, eds.
1997
.
Danwei: The Changing Chinese Workplace in Historical and Comparative Perspectives
.
Armonk, NY
:
M. E. Sharpe
.
Lu
Zijie
and
Xue
Jianyun
.
2000
.
“Yinwei yangwei bian” [On the difference between yinwei and yangwei]
.
Zhongguo yiyao xuebao
15
(
6
):
42
43
.
Lue
,
Tom F.
2000
. “
Erectile Dysfunction
.”
New England Journal of Medicine
342
(
24
):
1802
13
.
Ma
Shanzhen
.
1931
.
“Zhengqiu zhi yijing he yangwei de liaofa” [Soliciting therapies for spermatorrhea and impotence]
.
Yijie chunqiu
5
(
57
):
26
.
Mahmood
,
Saba
.
1996
. “
Cultural Studies and Ethnic Absolutism: Comments on Stuart Hall’s ‘Culture, Community, and Nation’
.”
Cultural Studies
11
(
1
):
1
11
.
Mai
Tianshu
.
1996
.
“Xing wangguo de yinmi shijie” [A secret world in the kingdom of sexuality]
. In
Nannü shiren tan [Works of ten men and women writers]
, edited by
Zhongguo dangdai qingai lunli zuoping shu xi bianji weiyuanhui
,
1
174
.
Beijing
:
Jinrizhongguo chubanshe
.
Malinowski
,
Bronislaw
.
1927
.
Sex and Repression in Savage Society
.
New York
:
Harcourt, Brace
.
Mamo
,
Laura
, and
Fishman
Jennifer R.
.
2001
. “
Potency in All the Right Places: Viagra as a Technology of the Gendered Body
.”
Body and Society
7
:
13
35
.
Marcuse
,
Herbert
.
1966
.
Eros and Civilization
.
Boston
:
Beacon Press
.
Martin
,
Emily
.
2001
.
Women in the Body
, rev. ed.
Boston
:
Beacon Press
.
Marx
,
Karl
.
1844
.
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts
.
Marx-Engels Library (online)
. .
Marx
,
Karl
.
1867
.
Capital Vol. I
.
Marx-Engels Library (online)
. .
Mascia-Lees
,
Frances E.
, ed.
2011
.
A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment
.
Malden, MA
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Masters
,
William
, and
Johnson
Virginia
.
1966
.
Human Sexual Response
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Masters
,
William
, and
Johnson
Virginia
.
1970
.
Human Sexual Inadequacy
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Mauss
,
Marcel
.
1979
.
Sociology and Psychology
. Translated by
Brewster
Ben
.
London
:
Routledge and Kegan Paul
.
McCabe
,
M. P.
,
Conaglen
H.
,
Conaglen
J.
, and
O’Connor
E.
.
2010
. “
Motivations for Seeking Treatment for ED: The Woman’s Perspective
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
22
:
152
58
.
McCullough
,
Andrew
.
1999
. “
Sildenafil (Viagra™) One Year Later: A Retrospective
.”
Sexual Dysfunction in Medicine
1
(
1
):
2
7
.
McKinlay
,
J. B.
2000
. “
The World Wide Prevalence and Epidemiology of Erectile Dysfunction
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research Supplement
4
:
6
11
.
McLaren
,
Angus
.
2007
.
Impotence: A Cultural History
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
McNamara
,
Erin R.
, and
Donatucci
Craig F.
.
2011
. “
Oral Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction
.” In
Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide
, edited by
McVary
Kevin T.
,
93
106
.
New York
:
Humana Press
.
Melchiode
,
Gerald
.
1999
.
Beyond Viagra
.
New York
:
Henry Holt and Company
.
Merleau-Ponty
,
Maurice
.
1962
.
The Phenomenology of Perception
. Translated by
Smith
C.
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Merleau-Ponty
,
Maurice
.
1973
.
The Visible and the Invisible
.
Evanston
:
Northwestern University Press
.
Mol
,
Annemarie
.
2002
.
The Body Multiple
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Murphy
,
Robert F.
2001
.
The Body Silent
.
New York
:
W. W. Norton
.
Nanda
,
Serena
.
1998
.
Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India
. 2nd ed.
Belmont, CA
:
Wadsworth
.
National Institutes of Health
.
1992
. “
Impotence
.”
NIH Consensus Statement
10
(
4
):
1
31
.
Nichter
,
Mark
.
1992
. “
Ethnomedicine: Diverse Trends, Common Linkage
.” In
Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnomedicine
, edited by
Nichter
Mark
,
223
59
.
Langhorne, PA
:
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers
.
Nietzsche
,
Frederic
.
1968
.
The Will to Power
.
New York
:
Random House
.
Nobile
,
Philip
.
1972
. “
What Is the New Impotence? And Who’s Got it?
Esquire
78
(
4
):
95
99
.
Nussbaum
,
Martha C.
1996
. “
Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism
.”
For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism
.
Boston
:
Beacon
.
Ong
,
Aihwa
, and
Chen
Nancy N.
, eds.
2010
.
Asian Biotech
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ong
,
Aihwa
, and
Collier
Stephen
, eds.
2004
.
Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
.
Osburg
,
John L.
2013
.
Anxious Wealth: Money and Morality among China’s New Rich
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Ostrovsky
,
Nikolai
.
1974
.
How the Steel Was Tempered
.
Moscow
:
Progress Press
.
Otis
,
Eileen
.
2011
.
Markets and Bodies: Women, Service Work, and the Making of Inequality in China
.
Palo Alto, CA
:
Stanford University Press
.
Ots
,
Thomas
.
1990
. “
The Angry Liver, the Anxious Heart and the Melancholy Spleen: The Phenomenology of Perceptions in Chinese Culture
.”
Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
14
:
21
58
.
Palmer
,
David A.
2007
.
Qigong Fever
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
Pan
Guangdan
.
1999
.
Pan Guangdan xuanji [Selected works of Pan Guangdan]
, edited by
Pan
Naigu
and
Pan
Naihe
.
Beijing
:
Guangming ribao chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
1995
.
Zhongguo xing xianzhuang [The reality of sexuality in China]
.
Beijing
:
Guangming ribao chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
1998
.
Zhongguo Dixia Hongdengqu [The underground red light districts in China]
.
Beijing
:
Institute of Sexual Sociology of People’s University
.
Pan
Suiming
.
2005
. “
Social Gender and Sex Work
.” In
The “Social Immunization” AIDS
, edited by
Yanning
Gao
,
262
92
.
Shanghai
:
Fudan daxue chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
.
2006
. “
Transformations in the Primary Life Cycle: The Origins and Nature of China’s Sexual Revolution
.” In
Sex and Sexuality in China
, edited by
Jeffreys
Elaine
,
21
42
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Pan
Suiming
,
Huang
Qi
,
Mei
Shi
, and
Xin
Wang
.
2008
.
Zhongguo xinggeming chenggong de shizheng [The empirical evidence of the success of the sexual revolution in China]
.
Gaoxiong, Taiwan
:
Wangyou chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011a
.
Sexual Sociology
.
Beijing
:
Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe
.
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011b
.
“Xingqu heng sheng” [The flourishing of sexual enjoyment]
.
Ren zhi chu
(
May
). .
Pan
Suiming
and
Yingying
Huang
.
2011c
.
“Xingfu yuan yu hu-ai” [Sexual happiness comes from mutual love]
.
Ren zhi chu
(
June
). .
Parish
,
William
,
Luo
Ye
,
Stolzenberg
Ross
,
Laumann
Edward O.
,
Farrer
Gracia
, and
Pan
Suiming
.
2007
. “
Sexual Practice and Sexual Satisfaction: A Population Based Study of Chinese Urban Adults
.”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
36
:
5
20
.
Parker
,
Richard G.
2009
.
Bodies, Pleasures, and Passions
. 2nd ed.
Nashville, TN
:
Vanderbilt University Press
.
Parkes
,
Graham
, ed.
1990
.
Heidegger and Asian Thought
.
Honolulu
:
University of Hawaii Press
.
Payton
,
Terry
.
1990
. “
Self-injection Therapy
.” In
The Potent Male
, edited by
Goldstein
Irwin
and
Rothstein
Larry
,
116
18
.
Los Angeles
:
The Body Press
.
Petryna
,
Adriana
.
2002
.
Life Exposed
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Pickering
,
Andrew
.
1995
.
The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Pieterse
,
Jan N.
2001
. “
Hybridity, so What? The Anti-hybridity Backlash and the Riddles of Recognition
.”
Theory, Culture and Society
18
(
2–3
):
219
45
.
Pigg
,
Stacey Leigh
.
2000
. “
Languages of Sex and AIDS in Nepal: Notes on the Social Production of Commensurability
.”
Cultural Anthropology
16
(
4
):
481
541
.
Polt
,
Richard
.
1999
.
Heidegger: An Introduction
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Porkert
,
Manfred
.
1974
.
The Theoretical Foundations of Chinese Medicine: Systems of Correspondence
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Potter
,
Sulamith
.
1987
. “
Birth Planning in Rural China: A Cultural Account
.” In
Child Survival
, edited by
Scheper-Hughes
Nancy
,
33
58
.
Dordrecht, Holland
:
D. Reidel
.
Potts
,
Annie
.
2004
. “
Deleuze on Viagra (Or, What Can a “Viagra-body” Do?)
.”
Body and Society
10
:
17
36
.
Potts
,
Annie
,
Gavey
Nicola
,
Grace
Victoria M.
, and
Vares
Tiina
.
2003
. “
The Downside of Viagra: Women’s Experiences and Concerns
.”
Sociology of Health and Illness
25
(
7
):
697
719
.
Potts
,
Annie
, and
Tiefer
Leonore
, eds.
2006
. “
Viagra Culture
.”
Special Issue of Sexualities
9
(
3
).
Pritzker
,
Sonya
.
2007
. “
Thinking Hearts, Feeling Brains: Metaphor, Culture, and the Self in Chinese Narratives of Depression
.”
Metaphor and Symbol
22
(
3
):
251
74
.
Qian
Shushi
.
1931
.
“Zhengqiu yijing liaofa” [Seeking therapies for spermatorrhea]
.
Yijie Chunqiu
6
(
65
).
Qian
Yanfang
.
1990
.
“Wang Qi zhiliao yangwei suotan” [A discussion of Wang Qi’s way to treat impotence]
.
Zhongyi zazhi
, no.
2
:
21
22
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
1999a
.
“Yangwei zhongyi fabingxue he zhenghouxue guilü xintan: Fu 717 li liuxingbingxue diaochafenxi” [A new exploration of the etiology and symptomatology of impotence: An analysis of the 717 cases from the epidemiological study of impotence]
.
Zhongguo Yiyao Xuebao
14
(
6
):
33
37
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
1999b
.
“Gudai zhongyi bianzhi yangwei de wenxian yanjiu” [A study of the literature of diagnoses and treatment of yangwei in ancient Chinese medicine]
.
Journal of Nanjing University of TCM
15
(
5
):
311
14
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000a
.
“Jin wushinian zhongyi yanzhi yangwei shuping: Fu 866 pian wenxian fenxi” [On fifty years’ research on impotence in TCM: An analysis of 866 articles]
.
Zhongyi Wenxian Zazhi
, no.
1
:
37
47
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000b
.
“Zhongyi nankexue kaolue kaobian” [Rebuttal of an examination of nanke of TCM)
.
Zhongguo Yiyao Xuebao
, no.
2
:
71
73
.
Qin
Guozheng
.
2000c
.
“Yangwei bingming yu guishu ji bianbing yanbian kao” [On the naming of impotence and the evolution of its classifcation and clinical differentiation]
.
Zhongguo yixueshi zazhi [Chinese journal of medical history]
30
(
1
):
28
31
.
Qin
Hui
.
2003
. “
Zhongguo dangqian de jingji zhuanggui (On current China’s change of economic ownership)
.”
Zhongguowang
.
January
13
. .
Qin
Hui
.
2010
. “
Cong nanfei kan zhongguo hequhecong de qianjing bijiao (A comparison between South Africa and China in the future development)
.”
Caijing-wang
,
April
15
. .
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
1996
. “
Representations Are Social Facts: Modernity and Post-Modernity in Anthropology
.”
Essays on the Anthropology of Reason
,
28
58
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
1998
. “
Introduction: The History of Systems of Thought
.” In
Michel Foucault: Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth
, by
Foucault
Michel
, edited by
Rabinow
Paul
,
x
xlii
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Rabinow
,
Paul
.
2007
.
Marking Time: On the Anthropology of the Contemporary
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rajfer
,
J.
2008
. “
Discovery of no in the penis
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
20
:
431
36
.
Reich
,
Wilhelm
.
1970
.
The Mass Psychology of Fascism
.
New York
:
Noonday Press
.
Riley
,
A.
2002
. “
The Role of the Partner in Erectile Dysfunction and Its Treatment
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
(
suppl.
):
105
9
.
Riley
,
Nancy
.
1997
. “
Gender Equality in China: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
.” In
China Briefing: The Contradictions of Change
, edited by
Joseph
William
,
79
108
.
Armonk, NY
:
M. E. Sharpe
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
1999
.
Other Modernities
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
2007
.
Desiring China
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Rofel
,
Lisa
.
2010
. “
The Traffic in Money Boys
.”
Positions
18
(
2
):
425
58
.
Rosaldo
,
Renato
.
1995
.
Foreword
. In
Hybrid Cultures
. Translated by
Chiappari
C.
and
Lopez
S.
, edited by
Canclini
Nestor Garcia
,
xi
xviii
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Rose
,
Nikolas
.
2006
.
The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Rosen
,
Raymond
, and
Leiblum
Sandra
, eds.
1992
. “
Erectile Disorders: An Overview of Historical Trends and Clinical Perspectives
.”
Erectile Disorders: Assessment and Treatment
,
3
26
.
New York
:
Guilford Press
.
Rosen
,
Raymond C.
,
Cappelleri
J. C.
, and
Gendrano
N.
III
.
2002
. “
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): A State-of-the-Science Review
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
14
:
226
44
.
Ruan
,
Fangfu
.
1991
.
Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture
.
New York
:
Springer
.
Ruan
,
Fangfu
, and
Bullough
Vern L.
.
1989
. “
Sex Repression in Contemporary China
.” In
Building a World Community in the 21st Century
, edited by
Kurtz
Paul
,
198
201
.
Buffalo, NY
:
Prometheus Books
.
Scarry
,
Elaine
.
1985
.
The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2001
. “
Shaping Chinese Medicine: Two Case Studies from Contemporary China
.” In
Innovations in Chinese Medicine
, edited by
Hsu
Elisabeth
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2002
.
Chinese Medicine in Contemporary China: Plurality and Synthesis
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2007
.
Currents of Tradition in Chinese Medicine 1626–2006
.
Seattle
:
Eastland Press
.
Scheid
,
Volker
.
2013
. “
The People’s Republic of China
.” In
Chinese Medicine and Healing: An Illustrated History
, edited by
Hinrichs
T. J.
and
Barnes
Linda L.
,
239
83
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Schein
,
Louisa
.
1997
. “
Gender and Internal Orientalism in China
.”
Modern China
23
(
1
):
69
98
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
.
1992
.
Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
.
2008
. “
A Talent for Life: Refections on Human Vulnerability and Resilience
.”
Ethnos
73
(
1
):
25
56
.
Scheper-Hughes
,
Nancy
, and
Lock
Margaret
.
1987
. “
The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to the Future in Medical Anthropology
.”
Medical Anthropology Quarterly
1
(
1
):
6
41
.
Sha
Yexin
.
1986
.
“Xunzhao nanzihan” [Searching for real men]
.
October
, no.
3
.
Shapiro
,
Hugh
.
2000
. “
Neurasthenia and the Assimilation of Nerves into China
.”
Paper presented in “Symposium on the History of Disease” in Academia Sinica
,
Taipei, Taiwan
.
June 16–18
.
Shapiro
,
Hugh
.
1998
. “
The Puzzle of Spermatorrhea in Republican China
.”
Positions
6
(
3
):
551
96
.
Shen
Zhonggui
.
1926
.
“Yijing lun” [On yijing]
.
Zhangyi zazhi
, no.
12
:
17
18
.
Shen
Zhonggui
.
1927
.
“Shen zhu lu niao shuo” [On the kidney’s function of filtering urine]
.
Zhongyi Zazhi
, no.
25
:
18
19
.
Shi
Yonggang
and
Liu
Qiongxiong
.
2006
.
Lei Feng: 1940–1962
.
Beijing
:
Sanlian shudian
.
Shiri
,
R.
2004
. “
Effect of Life-style Factors on Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction
.”
International Journal of Impotence Research
16
:
389
94
.
Shusterman
,
Richard
.
2005
. “
The Silent, Limping Body of Philosophy
.” In
The Cambridge Companion to Merleay-Ponty
, edited by
Carman
Taylor
and
Hansen
Mark B. N.
,
151
80
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Shusterman
,
Richard
.
2008
.
Body Consciousness
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
.