Book Chapter
Introduction: Science, Subjectivity, and Citizenship
-
Published:September 2009
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
This content is only available as PDF.
Abraham-van der Mark
E.
1989
. “‘I Don't Discriminate, but …’: Dutch Stories about Ethnic Minorities
.” Ethnologia Europeae
19
(2
): 169
–84
.Agamben
Giorgio
. 1998
. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life
. Translated by Heller-Roazen
D.
. Stanford
: Stanford University Press
.Alpers
Svetlana
. 1983
. The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Angier
Natalie
. 1995
. “‘The Lady of the Flies’ Dives into a New Pond
.” New York Times
, 5
December
, C1
, C10
.Arnason
E.
2000
. “Genetic Homogeneity of Icelanders: Fact or Fiction?
” Nature Genetics
25
: 373
–74
.Arnold
W.
. 2006
. “Singapore Acts as Haven for Stem Cell Research
.” New York Times
, 17
August
, C1
.Associated Press
. 2004
. “Genetically Manipulated Bull Put to Sleep
.” Electronic document
, http://my.netscape.com.Bainton
H.
1936
. “Changing Ideas and Ideals in the Sixteenth Century
.” Journal of Modern History
8
(4
): 417
–43
.Balibar
Étienne
. 1991
[1988]. Preface to Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities
, by Balibar
Étienne
and Wallerstein
Immanuel
, 1
–13
. London
: Verso
.Barns
J.
. 1954
. “Class and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish
.” Human Relations
7
:39
–58
.Barth
Fredrik
. 1969
. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference
. Boston
: Little, Brown
.Beer
Gillian
. 2000
. Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Beidelman
T. O.
1980
. “The Moral Imagination of the Kaguru: Some Thoughts on Tricksters, Translations, and Comparative Analysis
.” American Ethnologist
7
(1
): 27
–42
.Bell
Arthur
. 1950
. Christian Huygens and the Development of Science in the Seventeenth Century
. London
: Arnold
.van Berkel
Klaas
, Helden
Albert van
, and Palm
Lodewijk
, eds. 1999
. A History of Science in the Netherlands: Survey, Themes, and Reference
. Leiden
: Brill
.Beurton
Peter J.
, Falk
Raphael
, and Rheinberger
Hans Jorg
. 2000
. The Concept of the Gene in Development and Evolution
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Bishop
J.
, and Waldholz
M.
. 1990
. Genome: The Story of the Most Astonishing Scientific Adventure of Our Time: The Attempt to Map All the Genes in the Human Body
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Blakely
Allison
. 1993
. Blacks in the Dutch World: The Evolution of Racial Imagery in a Modern Society
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Blankenburg
Erhard
, and Bruinsma
Freek
. 1994
. Dutch Legal Culture
. Deventer, Netherlands
: Kluwer Law and Taxation
.Boer
P.
, Lagerwaard-Fijten
F.
, Marinissen
J. W. M.
, Steenhuis
U. P.
, and van der Zee
A. P.
. 1993
. Biologie Overal 6V
. Culemborg, Netherlands
: Educatieve Partners Nederland
.Bourdieu
Pierre
. 1967
. “Systems of Education and Systems of Thought
.” International Social Science Journal
3
(19
): 338
–58
.Bourdieu
Pierre
. 1977
. Outline of a Theory of Practice
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Bourdieu
Pierre
. 1984
. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
. Translated by Nice
Richard
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Bourdieu
Pierre
, and Passeron
J.
. 1977
. Reproduction: In Education, Society and Culture
. Translated by Nice
Richard
. London
: Sage
.van de Braak
H.
. 1993
. Homo Neerlandicus: Essay over “Wij Nederlanders”
. Amersfoort
: Enzo
.Braun
Lundy
. 2002
. “Race, Ethnicity, and Health: Can Genetics Explain Disparities?
” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
45
(2
): 159
–74
.Brickley
Peg
. 2001
. “Scientists Seek Passports to Freer Environments: Opposition to Federal Funding of Stem Cell Research Has Some Scientists Entertaining Plans to Move Abroad
.” Scientist
15
(16
): 36
.Bulmer
Ralph
. 1967
. “Why Is the Cassowary Not a Bird? A Problem of Zoological Taxonomy among the Karam of the New Guinea Highlands
.” Man
2
(1
): 5
–25
.Cantor
Charles
. 1992
. “The Challenges to Technology and Informatics
.” The Code of Codes
, ed. Kevles
D.
and Hood
L.
, 98
–111
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Caplan
Jane
, and Torpey
John C.
. 2001
. Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Carrier
James
, ed. 1995
. Occidentalism: Images of the West
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Carson
Ronald A.
, and Rothstein
Mark A.
, eds. 2002
. Behavioral Genetics: The Clash of Culture and Biology
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.cda [Christian Democratic Party]
. 1992
. Genen en Grenzen: Een Christen-Democratische Bijdrage aan de Discussie Over de Gentechnologie: Rapport van een Commissie van het Wetenschappelijk Instituut Voor het cda
. The Hague
: het Wetenschappelijk Instituut voor het cda
.Claeson
Bjorn
, Martin
Emily
, Richardson
Wendy
, Schoch-Spana
Monica
, and Taussig
Karen-Sue
. 1996
. “Scientific Literacy? What It Is, Why It's Important, and Why Scientists Think We Don't Have It: The Case of Immunology and the Immune System
.” Naked Science
, ed. Nader
Laura
, 101
–16
. New York
: Routledge
.Cole
John
. 1977
. “Anthropology Comes Part-Way Home: Community Studies in Europe
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
6
:349
–78
.Cook-Deegan
Richard
. 1994
. The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome
. New York
: W. W. Norton
.Cowan
Ruth
. 1992
. “Genetic Technology and Reproductive Choice: An Ethics for Autonomy
.” The Code of Codes
, ed. Kevles
D.
and Hood
L.
, 244
–63
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Crick
Francis
. 1957
. “On Protein Synthesis
.” Symposium of the Society of Experimental Biology
12
:153
.Crump
T.
1985
. “Problems in the Local Kitchen: OR, Why the Pope Can't Speak Dutch
.” Anthropology Today
1
(6
): 5
–6
.Davis
Natalie Zemon
. 1975
. Society and Culture in Early Modern France
. Stanford
: Stanford University Press
.van Deursen
Arie
. 1991
. Plain Lives in a Golden Age: Popular Culture, Religion and Society in Seventeenth-Century Holland
. Translated by Ultee
Maarten
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Dierenbescherming
. N.d. No To Genetic Manipulation of Animals
. The Hague
: Dierenbescherming
.Dierenbescherming
. 1992
. Projectplan: Bio Technologie Bij Dieren
. The Hague
: Dierenbescherming
.Dirks
Nicholas
, ed. 1992
. Colonialism and Culture
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.Dreyfuss
R.
, and Nelkin
Dorothy
. 1992
. “The Jurisprudence of Genetics
.” Vander-bilt Law Review
45
(2
): 313
–48
.Dreyfus
Hubert
, and Rabinow
Paul
. 1983
. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Dumit
Joseph
. 2003
. Picturing Personhood: Brain Scans and Biomedical Identity
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Durkheim
Émile
, and Mauss
Marcel
. 1963
. Primitive Classification
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Duster
Troy
. 2005
. “Race and Reification in Science
.” Science
307
:1050
–51
.Edwards
J.
, Franklin
Sarah
, Hirsch
E.
, Price
F.
, and Strathern
Marilyn
. 1993
. Technologies of Procreation: Kinship in the Age of Assisted Reproduction
. Manchester
: Manchester University Press
.Ellemers
J. E.
1981
. “The Netherlands in the Sixties and Seventies
.” Netherlands Journal of Sociology
17
(2
): 113
–35
.Epstein
Steven
. 2007
. Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Escobar
Arturo
. 1994
. “Welcome to Cyberia: Notes on the Anthropology of Cyberculture
.” Current Anthropology
35
(3
): 211
–32
.Fabian
J.
1983
. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Fausto-Sterling
Anne
. 1993
. “The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough
.” The Sciences
, March–April
, 20
–24
.Feeley-Harnik
Gillian
. 1999
. “‘Communities of Blood’: The Natural History of Kinship in Nineteenth-Century America
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
41
(2
): 215
–62
.Fortun
Kim
. 2001
. Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Fortun
Michael
. 2001
. “Mediated Speculations in the Genomics Futures Market
.” New Genetics and Society
20
(2
): 139
–56
.Fortun
Michael
. 2008
. Promising Genomics: Iceland and decodeGenetics in a World of Speculation
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Foucault
Michel
. 1979
. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
. New York
: Vintage
.Foucault
Michel
. 1980a
. The History of Sexuality
. Vol. 1
: An Introduction. New York
: Vintage
.Foucault
Michel
. 1980b
. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings
. Edited by Gordon
C.
. New York
: Pantheon
.Foucault
Michel
. 1982
. “Space, Knowledge and Power. Skyline (March)
.” Reprinted in The Foucault Reader
, ed. Rabinow
Paul
, 239
–56
. New York
: Random House
.Franklin
Sarah
. 1995
. “Science as Culture, Cultures of Science
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
24
:163
–84
.Franklin
Sarah
. 1997
. Embodied Progress: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception
. London
: Routledge
.Franklin
Sarah
. 2000
. “Life Itself
.” Global Nature, Global Culture
, ed. Franklin
Sarah
, Lury
Celia
, and Stacey
Jackie
, 188
–227
. London
: Sage
.Franklin
Sarah
. 2001
. “Culturing Biology: Cell Lines for the Second Millennium
.” Health
5
(3
): 335
–54
.Franklin
Sarah
. 2007
. Dolly Mixtures: The Remaking of Genealogy
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Franklin
Sarah
, and Lock
Margaret
, eds. 2003
. Remaking Life and Death: Towards an Anthropology of the Biosciences
. Santa Fe
: School of American Research Press
.Franklin
Sarah
, and Roberts
Celia
. 2006
. Born and Made: An Ethnography of Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Fukuyama
Francis
. 2002
. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution
. New York
: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
.Gadourek
I.
1961
. A Dutch Community: Social and Cultural Structure and Process in a Bulb-Growing Region in the Netherlands
. Groningen
: J. B. Wolters
.Gannett
Lisa
. 2002
. “The Normal Genome in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Thought: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
.” Part C
34
1
):143
–85
.Gies
Miep
, and Gold
Allison Leslie
. 1995
. Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Gilbert
Walter
. 1992
. “A Vision of the Grail
.” The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
, ed. Kevles
D.
and Hood
L.
, 83
–97
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Ginsburg
Faye
, and Rapp
Rayna
. 2001
. “Enabling Disability
.” Public Culture
13
(3
): 533
–56
.Goldstein
Judith
. 1995
. “Realism without a Human Face
.” Spectacles of Realism: Body, Gender, Genre
, ed. Cohen
Margaret
and Prendergast
Christopher
, 66
–89
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Good
Mary-Jo
. 1995
. “Cultural Studies of Biomedicine: An Agenda for Research
.” Social Science and Medicine
41
(4
): 461
–73
.Goodman
Alan
. 2000
. “Why Genes Don't Count (for Racial Differences in Health)
.” American Journal of Public Health
90
(11
): 1699
–1702
.Goodman
Alan
, Heath
Deborah
, and Lindee
M. Susan
, eds. 2003
. Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-Culture Divide
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Gupta
Akhil
, and Ferguson
James
. 1997
. Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Habermas
Jürgen
. 2001
. “On the Way to Liberal Eugenics? The Dispute over the Ethical Self-Understanding of the Species
.” Paper presented at the Colloquium on Law, Philosophy, and Political Theory, New York University School of Law
, 25 October and 1 November
. New York
.Hall
Stuart
. 1990
. “James Watson and the Search for Biology's ‘Holy Grail’
.” Smithsonian
20
(February
):41
–49
.Hallowell
Irving
. 1937
. “Temporal Orientation in Western Civilization
.” American Anthropologist
39
:647
–70
.Haraway
Donna
. 1991
. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective
.” Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature
. New York
: Routledge
.Haraway
Donna
. 1997
. Modest Witness@Second Millennium.FemaleMan©MeetsOnco Mouse™: Feminism and Technoscience
. New York
: Routledge
.Haraway
Donna
. 2003
. “For the Love of a Good Dog: Webs of Action in the World of Dog Genetics
.” Race, Nature, and the Politics of Difference
, ed. Moore
Donald
, Kosek
Jake
, and Pandian
Anand
, 254
–95
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Harvey
David
. 1989
. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Heath
Deborah
. 1994
. “Articulatory Biotechnologies
.” Paper presented at the Society for Social Study of Science Meetings
, New Orleans
, 13 October
.Heath
Deborah
. 1998
. “Locating Genetic Knowledge: Picturing Marfan Syndrome and Its Traveling Constituencies
.” Science, Technology and Human Values
23
(1
): 71
–97
.Heath
Deborah
, and Rabinow
Paul
, eds. 1993
. “Bio-Politics: The Anthropology of the New Genetics and Immunology
.” Journal of Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry
17
[special issue].Heath
Deborah
, Rapp
Rayna
, and Taussig
Karen-Sue
. 2004
. “Genetic Citizenship
.” A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics
, ed. Nugent
D.
and Vincent
J.
, 152
–67
. London
: Blackwell
.Helmreich
Sefan
. 1998
. Silicon Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital World
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Hirschfeld
G.
. 1988
[1984]. Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration
. Translated by Willmot
L.
. New York
: Berg
.Hood
Leroy
. 1992
. “Biology and Medicine in the Twenty-First Century
.” Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
, ed. Kevles
D.
and Hood
L.
, 136
–63
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Hubbard
Ruth
, and Wald
Elijah
. 1993
. Exploding the Gene Myth: How Genetic Information is Produced and Manipulated by Scientists, Physicians, Employers, Insurance Companies, Educators, and Law Enforcers
. Boston
: Beacon
.Huerta
Robert D.
2003
. Giants of Delft: Johannes Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers: The Parallel Search for Knowledge during the Age of Discovery
. Lewisburg, Penn.
: Bucknell University Press
.Hyma
A.
. 1938
. “Calvinism and Capitalism in the Netherlands, 1555–1700
.” Journal of Modern History
10
(3
): 321
–43
.Inda
Jonathan X.
, and Rosaldo
Renato
, eds. 2001
. Anthropology of Globalization
. Malden, Mass.
: Blackwell
.Jackson
Peter
. 1992
. “Construction of Culture, Representations of Race: Edward Curtis's ‘Way of Seeing’
.” Inventing Places: Studies in Cultural Geography
, ed. Anderson
K.
and Gale
F.
, 89
–106
. Melbourne
: Longman Cheshire
.Jasanoff
Sheila
. 2005
. Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.de Jong
Louis
. 1969–88
. Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog
. (Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie). The Hague
: Staatsuitgeverij
.de Jong
Perro
. 1994
. “Dutch Fear Loss of Tolerance
.” Radio Netherlands via bbc News
, 3
November
. http://news.bbc.co.uk.Jordanova
Ludmilla
. 1989
. Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine Between the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Judson
H. F.
1979
. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Kahn
Jonathan
. 2003
. “Getting the Numbers Right: Statistical Mischief and Racial Profiling in Heart Failure Research
.” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
46
(4
): 473
–83
.Kahn
Jonathan
. 2004
. “How a Drug Becomes Ethnic: Law, Commerce, and the Production of Racial Categories in Medicine
.” Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics
4
:1
–46
.Kaldenbach
H.
1994
. Doe Maar Gewoon: 99 Tips Voor Het Omgaan met Nederlanders
. Amsterdam
: Prometheus
.Keller
Evelyn Fox
. 1983
. A Feeling for the Organism: The Life and Work of Barbara McClintock
. New York
: W. H. Freeman
.Keller
Evelyn Fox
. 1992
. “Nature, Nurture, and the Human Genome Project
.” Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
, ed. Kevles
Daniel
and Hood
Leroy
, 281
–99
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Keller
Evelyn Fox
. 1995
. Refiguring Life: Metaphors of Twentieth-Century Biology
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Kevles
Daniel
. 1995
[1985]. In the Name of Eugenics
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Kevles
Daniel
, and Hood
Leroy
, eds. 1992
. The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Kirschner
Suzanne R.
1999
. “From Flexible Bodies to Fluid Minds: An Interview with Emily Martin
.” Ethos
27
(3
): 247
–82
.Klep
C.
1994
. “The Second World War and the Netherlands
.” Lecture presented for the Summer Programme in Dutch Society and Culture, Faculty of Letters, University of Utrecht
, 29 July
, Utrecht, Netherlands
.Köhler
W.
1991
. “Kalfje Geboren uit Cel Met Genetische Codering van Mens
.” nrc Handelsblad
, 2
May
.Köhler
W.
1994
. “Nutricia Stond Heimelijk aan de Wieg van Stier Herman
.” nrc Handelsblad
2
June
, 1
.Kolata
Gina
. 1993
. “Scientist Clones Human Embryos, and Creates an Ethical Challenge
.” New York Times
, 24
October
, A1
.Kolata
Gina
. 1997
“With Cloning of a Sheep, the Ethical Ground Shifts
.” New York Times
, 24
February
, A1
.Kondo
Ikuko
, Nagataki
Shigetoshi
, and Miyagi
Nobuo
. 1990
. “The Cohen Syndrome: Does Mottled Retina Separate a Finnish and a Jewish Type?
” American Journal of Medical Genetics
37
(1
): 109
–13
.Kossman-Putto
J.
, and Kossman
E.
1987
. The Low Countries
. Rekkem, Belgium
: Flemish-Netherlands Foundation
.Kruijt
J. P.
1974
. “The Netherlands: The Influence of Denominationalism on Social Life and Organizational Patterns
.” Consociational Democracy: Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies
, ed. McRae
K. D.
, 128
–36
. Toronto
: McClelland and Stewart
.Kuhn
Thomas S.
1962
. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Kuriyama
Shigehisa
. 1999
. The Expressiveness of the Body: The Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine
. New York
: Zone
.Langford
Jean M.
2002
. Fluent Bodies: Ayurvedic Remedies for Postcolonial Imbalance (Body, Commodity, Text)
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Latour
Bruno
. 1987
. Science In Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Latour
Bruno
. 1990
. “Postmodern? No, Simply Amodern! Steps towards an Anthropology of Science
.” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science
21
(1
): 145
–71
.Latour
Bruno
. 1993
. We Have Never Been Modern
. Translated by Porter
Catherine
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Lee
Sandra Soo-Jin
. 2003
. “Race, Distributive Justice and the Promise of Pharmacogenomics: Ethical Considerations
.” American Journal of Pharmacogenomics
3
(6
): 385
–92
.Lee
Sandra Soo-Jin
. 2006
. “Biobanks of a ‘Racial Kind’: Mining for Difference in the New Genetics
.” Patterns of Prejudice
40
(4–5
): 443
–60
.Lee
Sandra Soo-Jin
, Mountain
Joanna
, and Koenig
Barbara
. 2001
. “The Meanings of ‘Race’ in the New Genomics: Implications for Health Disparities Research
.” Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics
1
:33
–75
.Lewontin
Richard
. 1991
. Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of dna
. New York
: Harper Perennial
.Lewontin
Richard
. 1999
. “Forget Privacy: Iceland Sells Citizens' Personal, Health, Genetic Records
.” Cleveland Plain Dealer
, 27
January
, 11B
.Lewontin
Richard
. 2000
. The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Lewontin
Richard
. 2001
. It Ain't Necessarily So: The Dream of the Human Genome and Other Illusions
. New York
: New York Review of Books
.Lindee
M. Susan
. 2005
. Moments of Truth in Genetic Medicine
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.Lindee
M. Susan
, Goodman
Alan
, and Heath
Deborah
. 2003
. “Introduction: Anthropology in the Age of Genetics: Practice, Discourse, and Critique
.” Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Two-Culture Divide
, ed. Goodman
Alan
, Heath
Deborah
, and Lindee
M. Susan
, 1
–19
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Lock
Margaret
. 1993
. Encounters with Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and North America
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Lock
Margaret
. 2001
. Twice Dead: Organ Transplantation and the Reinvention of Death
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Lock
Margaret
. 2004
. On the Unfashionability of Certain “Genetic” Diseases
. Toronto
: Canadian Institutes of Health Research Conference
.Lorwin
V. R.
1974
. “Segmented Pluralism: Ideological Cleavages and Political Cohesion in the Smaller European Democracies
.” Consociational Democracy: Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies
, ed. McRae
K. D.
. Toronto
: McClelland and Stewart
.Marcus
George
. 1995
. “Ethnography In/Of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
24
:95
–117
.Marks
Jonathan
. 2002
. What It Means to be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Martin
Emily
. 1987
. The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction
. Boston
: Beacon
.Martin
Emily
. 1990a
. “The Ideology of Reproduction: The Reproduction of Ideology
.” Uncertain Terms: Negotiating Gender in American Culture
, ed. Ginsburg
F.
and Tsing
A. L.
, 300
–314
. Boston
: Beacon
.Martin
Emily
. 1990b
. “Toward an Anthropology of Immunology: The Body as Nation State
.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly
4
(4
): 410
–26
.Martin
Emily
. 1991
. “The Egg and The Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles
.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
16
(3
): 485
–501
.Martin
Emily
. 1994
. Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture from the Days of Polio to the Age of aids
. Boston
: Beacon
.Martin
Emily
. 1997
. “Anthropology and the Cultural Study of Science: From Citadels to String Figures
.” Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science
, ed. Gupta
Akhil
and Ferguson
James
, 131
–46
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Martin
Emily
. 2007
. Bipolar Expeditions: Mania and Depression in American Culture
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Martin
Emily
, Oaks
Laura
, van der Straten
A.
, and Taussig
Karen-Sue
. 1997
. “AIDS, Knowledge, and Discrimination in the Inner City: An Anthropological Analysis of Experiences of Injection Drug Users
.” Cyborgs and Citadels: Anthropological Interventions into Techno-Humanism
, ed. Downy
Gary
, Dumit
Joseph
, Traweek
Sharon
, 49
–66
. Santa Fe
: School of American Research Press
.Mauss
Marcel
. 1979
. “The Notion of Body Techniques
.” Sociology and Psychology: Essays
, 95
–119
. London
: Routledge
.McClintock
Anne
. 1995
. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Conquest
. New York
: Routledge
.Mendel
Gregor
. 1865/1866
“Versuche Über Pflanzenhybriden
.” Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn
4
:3
–47
. [The original paper was published in 1865, but the issue appeared in 1866. A translation by W. Bateson is printed in Evolutionary Genetics. Benchmark Papers in Genetics, vol. 8, ed. D. Jameson.(Stroudsburg, Penn.: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross).]Middendorp
C. P.
1991
. Ideology in Dutch Politics: The Democratic System Reconsidered 1970–1985
. Assen
: Van Gorcum
.Morgan
Lynn
. 1989
. “When Does Life Begin? A Cross-Cultural Perspective on the Personhood of Fetuses and Young Children
.” Abortion Rights and Fetal Personhood
, ed. Doerr
E.
and Prescott
J.
, 97
–114
. Long Beach
: Centerline
.Morgan
Lewis Henry
. 1870
. Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge
, no. 17
. Washington
: Smithsonian Institution Press
.Muller-Hill
Benno
. 1988
. Murderous Science: Elimination by Scientific Selection of Jews, Gypsies, and Others, Germany 1933–1945
. Translated by Fraser
George
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.nbc
. 1997
. “Today
” 24
February
.Nelkin
Dorothy
, and Lindee
Susan
. 1996
. The dna Mystique: The Gene as Cultural Icon
. New York
: W. H. Freeman
.New York Times
. 1999
. “Chinese Scientists Try to Clone Giant Panda
,” 25
June
, D5
.Noordman
Jan
. 1989
. Om de Kwaliteit van het Nageslacht: Eugenetica in Nederland 1900–1950
. Nijmegen
: SUN
.Noordman
Jan
. 1994
. “Eugenics and the Mental Health Movement in the Netherlands 1930–1950
.” Population and Family in the Low Countries
, ed. van den Brekel
H.
and Deven
F.
, 107
–23
. Amsterdam
: Kluwer
.Novas
C.
, Rose
Nikolas
and 2000
. “Genetic Risk and the Birth of the Somatic Individual
.” Economy and Society
29
(4
): 485
–513
.Ong
Aihwa
. 1995
. “Making the Biopolitical Subject: Cambodian Immigrants, Refugee Medicine and Cultural Citizenship in California
.” Social Science and Medicine
, 1
–15
.Ong
Aihwa
. 1996
. “Cultural Citizenship as Subject Making
.” Current Anthropology
37
(5
): 737
–62
.Ong
Aihwa
. 1999
. Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Ong
Aihwa
. 2005
. “Ecologies of Expertise: Assembling Flows, Managing Citizenship
.” Global Assemblage Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
, ed. Ong
A.
and Collier
S.
, 337
–53
. London
: Blackwell
.Ong
Aihwa
. 2006
. “A Canary in the Asian Mine: Ethicalization at Multiple Scales
.” Paper presented at the conference Ethical Worlds of Stem Cell Research, University of California
, San Francisco
, 29 September
.Parens
Erik
, Chapman
Audrey R.
, and Press
Nancy
, eds. 2005
. Wrestling with Behavioral Genetics: Science, Ethics, and Public Conversation
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.de Pater
J.
, and Bos
C.
. 1993
. “Prenatale Diagnostiek.” linical Genetics: Impact on Individual and Society; Present Status and Future
. Proceedings from the Symposium ter gelegenheid van het derde lustrum van de Stichting Klinisch Genetisch Centrum Utrecht
, Utrecht, Netherlands
, September
.Paul
Diane
. 1995
. Controlling Human Heredity, 1865 to the Present
. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.
: Humanities Press
.Poovey
Mary
. 1988
. Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Post
Harry
. 1989
. Pillarization: An Analysis of Dutch and Belgian Society
. Brook-field, Vt.
: Gower
.Presser
J.
1965
. Ashes in the Wind: The Destruction of Dutch Jewry
. Translated by Pomerans
A.
. London
: Souvenir
.Proctor
Robert
. 1988
. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Proctor
Robert
. 1991
. Value-Free Science? Purity and Power in Modern Knowledge
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Proctor
Robert
. 1995
. “The Destruction of ‘Lives Not Worth Living’
.” Deviant Bodies
, ed. Terry
Jennifer
and Urla
Jacqueline
, 170
–96
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Rabinow
Paul
. 1992a
. “Artificiality and Enlightenment: From Sociobiology to Biosociality
.” Incorporations: Zone 6
, ed. Crary
J.
and Kwinter
S.
. New York
: Urzone
.Rabinow
Paul
. 1992b
. “Severing the Ties: Fragmentation and Redemption in Late Modernity
.” The Anthropology of Science and Technology: Knowledge and Society 9 D.
, ed. Hess
David
and Layne
Linda
. Greenwich, Conn.
: jai
.Rabinow
Paul
. 1999
. French dna: Trouble in Purgatory
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Rajan
Kaushik Sunder
. 2007
. Biocapital: The Constitution of Postgenomic Life
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Rapp
Rayna
. 1991
. “Moral Pioneers: Women, Men and Fetuses on a Frontier of Reproductive Technology
.” Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge
, ed. di Leonardo
Micaela
, 383
–95
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Rapp
Rayna
. 1994a
. “Risky Business: Genetic Counseling in a Shifting World
.” Articulating Hidden Histories
, ed. Schneider
Jane
and Rapp
Rayna
, 175
–89
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Rapp
Rayna
. 1994b
. “Women's Responses to Prenatal Diagnosis: A Sociocultural Perspective on Diversity in Women and Prenatal Testing
.” Facing the Challenges of Genetic Technology
, ed. Rothenberg
Karen
and Thomson
Elizabeth
, 219
–33
. Columbus
: Ohio State University Press
.Reardon
Jenny
. 2004
. Race to the Finish: Identity and Governance in an Age of Genomics
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Richards
Audrey I.
1939
. Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia: An Economic Study of the Bemba Tribe
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Ridley
Matt
. 1999
. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters
. New York
: Harper Collins
.Rivers
W. H. R.
1922
. “The Psychological Factor
.” Essays on the Depopulation of Melanesia
, ed. Rivers
W. H. R.
, 84
–113
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Robert
Jason Scott
, and Baylis
Françoise
. 2003
. “Crossing Species Boundaries
.” American Journal of Bioethics
3
(3
): 1
–13
.Roberts
Lissa
. 1999
. “Going Dutch: Situating Science in the Dutch Enlightenment
.” Sciences in Enlightened Europe
, ed. Clark
William
et al, 350
–88
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Robertson
H. M.
1933
. Aspects of the Rise of Economic Individualism: A Criticism of Max Weber and His School
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Rose
Hilary
. 2001
. “Gendered Genetics in Iceland
.” New Genetics and Society
20
(1
): 119
–38
.Rose
Nikolas
. 2006
. The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Rose
Nikolas
, and Novas
Carlos
. 2005
. “Biological Citizenship
.” Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
, ed. Ong
Aihwa
and Collier
Stephen J.
, 439
–63
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Rothman
Barbara Katz
. 1986
. The Tentative Pregnancy: Prenatal Diagnosis and the Future of Motherhood
. New York
: W. W. Norton
.Rothman
Barbara
. 1989
. Recreating Motherhood: Ideology and Technology in a Patriarchal Society
. New York
: W. W. Norton
.Roxburgh
Angus
. 2004
. “Dutch Are ‘Polarized,’ Says Report
.” Electronic document
, http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk.Sahlins
Marshall
. 1976
. The Use and Abuse of Biology: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.Sakai
L. Y.
, Keene
D. R.
, and Engvall
E.
. 1986
. “Fibrillin, a New 350-kD Glycoprotein, Is a Component of Extracellular Microfibrils
.” Journal of Cell Biology
103
:2499
–2509
.Schaffer
Simon
. 1989
. “The Glorious Revolution and Medicine in Britain and the Netherlands
.” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
43
(2
): 167
–90
[special issue: Science and Civilization under William and Mary].Schama
Simon
. 1988
. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Schellekens
Huub
, and Visser
R.
. 1987
. De Genetische Manipulatie
. Amsterdam
: Meulenhoff
.Scheper-Hughes
Nancy
, and Lock
Margaret
. 1987
. “The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology
.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly
1
(1
): 6
–41
.Schneider
Jane
, and Schneider
Peter
. 1976
. Culture and Political Economy in Western Sicily
. New York
: Academic
.Shafir
Gershon
, ed. 1998
. The Citizenship Debates: A Reader
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Shetter
William Z.
1987
. The Netherlands in Perspective: The Organization of Society and Environment
. Leiden
: Martinus Nijhoff
.Shields
Rob
. 1991
. Places on the Margin: Alternative Geographies of Modernity
. London
: Routledge Chapman Hall
.Sigurdsson
Skuli
. 2001
. “Yin-Yang Genetics, or the hsd Decode Controversy
.” New Genetics and Society
20
(2
): 103
–17
.Simons
Marlise
. 1998
. “Bosnia Massacre Mars Do-Right Self-Image the Dutch Hold Dear
.” New York Times
, 13
September
, 4
.Simonutti
Luisa
. 1999
. “Religion, Philosophy, and Science: John Locke and Limborch's Circle in Amsterdam
.” Everything Connects: In Conference with Richard H. Popkin: Essays in his Honor
, ed. Force
James E.
and Katz
David S.
, 295
–324
. Leiden
: Brill
.Stephenson
Peter
. 1989
. “Going to McDonald's in Leiden: Reflections on the Concept of Self and Society in the Netherlands
.” Ethos
17
(2
): 226
–47
.Stephenson
Peter
. 1990
. “Does New Land Mean New Lives? Symbolic Contradiction and the Unfinished Reclamation of the Markerwaard
.” Etnofoor
3
(2
): 17
–31
.Stewart
Susan
. 1993
. On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection
. Durham
: Duke University Press
.Stolberg
Sheryl
. 1999
. “The Biotech Death of Jesse Gelsinger
.” New York Times
, Sunday Magazine, 28
November
.Stoler
Ann Laura
. 2002
. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Strathern
Marilyn
. 1992a
. After Nature: English Kinship in the Late Twentieth Century
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Strathern
Marilyn
. 1992b
. Reproducing the Future: Anthropology, Kinship, and the New Reproductive Technologies
. New York
: Routledge
.Strathern
Marilyn
. 1993
. “Introduction: A Question of Context
.” Technologies of Procreation: Kinship in the Age of Assisted Conception
, ed. Edwards
Jeanette
, Franklin
Sarah
, Hirsch
Eric
, Price
Frances
, and Strathern
Marilyn
, 1
–19
. Manchester
: Manchester University Press
.Suzuki
D.
, and Knudtson
P.
. 1990
[1989]. Genethics: The Clash between the New Genetics and Human Values
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Taussig
Karen-Sue
. 2005
. “The Molecular Revolution in Medicine: Promise, Reality, and Social Organization
.” Complexities: Beyond Nature and Nurture
, ed. McKinnon
S.
and Silverman
S.
, 223
–47
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Taussig
Karen-Sue
, Rapp
Rayna
, and Heath
Deborah
. 2003
. “Flexible Eugenics: Technologies of the Self in the Age of Genetics
.” Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology in the Age of Genetics, Genetics in the Age of Anthropology
, ed. Goodman
A.
, Lindee
S.
, and Heath
D.
, 58
–76
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Taylor
Janelle
. 1992
. “The Public Fetus and the Family Car: From Abortion Politics to a Volvo Advertisement
.” Public Culture
4
(2
): 167
–83
.Taylor
Janelle
. 2003
. “The Story Catches You and You Fall Down
.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly
17
(2
): 159
–81
.Torpey
John C.
2000
. The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Torres
Rodolfo
, Inda
Jonathan X.
, and Mirón
Louis F.
, eds. 1999
. Race, Identity, and Citizenship: A Reader
. Malden, Mass.
: Blackwell
.Traweek
Sharon
. 1988
. Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Tringe
Michael
. 2001
. “Icelandic dna: Decode Genetics and the Social Practice of Biotechnology
.” Senior Thesis
, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University
.Tsing
Anna
. 1993
. In the Realm of the Diamond Queen
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Tsing
Anna
. 2000
. “The Global Situation
.” Cultural Anthropology
15
(3
): 327
–60
.Tsing
Anna
. 2005
. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Tutton
Richard
. 2007
. “Constructing Participation in Genetic Databases: Citizenship, Governance, and Ambivalence
.” Science, Technology and Human Values
32
(2
): 172
–95
.Turner
Victor
. 1995
[1969]. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure
. Hawthorne, N.Y.
: Aldine de Gruyter
.van der Veen
D. J.
1994
. “The Making of a Modern State: Pillarization, Social Organisation and the Welfare State
.” Lecture presented for the Summer Programme in Dutch Society and Culture, Faculty of Letters, University of Utrecht
, 13 July
, Utrecht, Netherlands
.Vereniging Samenwerkende Ouder- en Patiëntenorganisaties (vsop)
. 1987
. Different and Yet the Same
. Baarn, Netherlands
: vsop
.de Vries
M.
, Verwijs
E.
, Cosijn
P. J.
, Kluyver
A.
, Beets
A.
, and Muller
J. W.
. 1889
. Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal
. The Hague
: M. Nijhoff, A. W. Sijthoff
.Wailoo
Keith
, and Pemberton
Stephen
. 2006
. The Troubled Dream of Genetic Medicine: Ethnicity and Innovation in Tay-Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sickle Cell Disease
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.Wallerstein
Immanuel
. 1974
. The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the 16th Century
. New York
: Academic
.Wallerstein
Immanuel
. 1980
. The Modern World System II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World Economy, 1600–1750
. New York
: Academic
.Watson
James
. 1990
. “The Human Genome Project: Past, Present, and Future
.” Science
248
(6
April
): 44
–49
.Watson
J.
, and Crick
F.
1953
. “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acid: A Structure for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
.” Nature
171
:737
–38
.Weber
Max
. 1958
[1904]. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
. New York
: Charles Scribner's Sons
.Weiner
Annette
. 1993
. “Culture and Our Discontents
.” Presidential Address. 92nd Annual Meetings of the American Anthropological Association
, Washington
.Wexler
Nancy
. 1992
. “Clairvoyance and Caution: Repercussions from the Human Genome Project
.” The Code of Codes
, ed. Kevles
D.
and Hood
L.
, 211
–43
. Cambridge
: Harvard University Press
.Whitney
C.
. 1997
. “Europe Focuses on Future and the Impact of New Members
.” New York Times
, 18
June
, A3
.van Wijk
N.
1912
. Franck's Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal
. The Hague
: Martinus Nijhoff
.Wilmut
Ian
et al1997
. “Viable Offspring Derived from Fetal and Adult Mammalian Cells
.” Nature
385
(27
February
): 810
–13
.Yoder
Joella Gerstmeyer
. 1988
. Unrolling Time: Christiaan Huygens and the Mathematization of Nature
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Young
Allan
. 1982
. “The Anthropologies of Illness and Sickness
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
11
:257
–85
.Young
Allan
. 1997
. Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
.Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Zee
A.
. 1992
. “Symmetry and the Search for Beauty in Modern Physics
.” New Literary History
23
(4
): 815
–38
.van der Zee
H.
1982
. The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland, 1944–45
. London
: Norman and Hobhouse
.
