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Bibliography

The primary sources for this study are drawn chiefly from archival research conducted in Leipzig and Berlin in the summers of 1993 and 1995, between January and August 1998, and in the summers of 2001 and 2003.1 consulted the Civic Movement Archive in Leipzig (Archiv Bürgerbewegung Leipzig), affiliated with Leipzig’s municipal archives; the Saxon State Archives in Leipzig (Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Leipzig), where the primary holdings of the municipal and district sed party archives are held; the German Federal Archives and the Archive of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the former German Democratic Republic in Berlin-Lichterfelde; and the New Forum Archive of the Robert Havemann Society (Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft e.V. Berlin). I have listed the specific files consulted and provided an abbreviation key below. In addition I consulted the “ Final Recommendation and Report of the Special Committee for the Investigation of the Abuse of Office and Power in the sed Government of the Saxon State Parliament,” which includes both the committee’s final report and more than one thousand pages of supporting documents. The report proved an invaluable source, particularly on the developments in the Dresden district.
In addition I made abundant use of the holdings of the GDR Oral History Project housed at the Hoover Institution Archives at Stanford University. The project includes hundreds of pages of typed transcripts and taped interviews with prominent dissidents and state officials. The list of interviews consulted is provided below. Newspapers proved an invaluable source on the process of transformation in East Germany. Particularly useful was West Die Tageszeitung, a left-wing daily with the most extensive and insightful coverage of dissident politics in the revolution and reunification; it was the paper of choice for East German intellectuals and dissidents in making press statements and granting interviews. The Leipziger Volkszeitung is the standard journalistic source for the city of Leipzig. The sed’s official mouthpiece, Neues Deutschland, was a primary outlet for public statements by the GDR leadership. Finally, the New York Times offered excellent coverage of the East German revolution, the debates surrounding unification, and reports on events elsewhere in Eastern Europe.

Archival Sources

Archiv Bürgerbewegung e.V., Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (ABL) [Civic Movement Archive of the Municipal Historical Museum of Leipzig]
abl h1:
Events in Leipzig,
1953
1990
ablh2:
Opposition Groups in Leipzig
ablh3:
Materials on GDR Opposition
ablh4:
Parties and movements in Leipzig
abl h8:
Information from mfs Abt. xx (bv-Leipzig)
abl h9:
Information from mfs Abt. xx (BV-Leipzig
abl hii:
Information on the dissolution of the Mfs
abl hi6:
New Forum
1990
abl h17:
New Forum
1989
abl h24:
Material on Alliance9o/The Greens
abl h46:
Material on Alliance9o/The Greens in the Bundestag
abl sh d:
Events in Dresden
1989
Bestand Arnold (ABL BA) [Michael Arnold Mdl in Sachsen]
abl ba h nvr o:
Materials of the nvr der DDR,
Oct
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi 12:
Materials of the Ministerium des Innern der Deutschen Demo-kratischen Republik,
1984
1988
abl ba h mdi13:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Oct
.
1989
abl ba h mdi 14:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi15:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR,
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi16:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Dec
.
1989
abl ba h mfs-pb I:
Materials of the mfs der DDR,
1970
1987
abl ba h mfs-pb II:
Materials of the mfs der DDR,
1988
1989
Dissident publications
abl Box 2:
Grenzfall
(
Berlin
),
1986
1989
abl Box 4:
Umweltblätter
(
Berlin
),
1986
1989
abl Box 6:
Streiflichter
(
Leipzig
),
1982
1989
Bundesarchiv der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Berlin (BArch) [National Archives of the Federal Republic of Germany]

BArch DO 1. Ministerium des Innern der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik [Ministry of the Interior, GDR]

do 1 2.3/052445:
Information on public safety and security
,
October
1989
May
1990
do 12.3/052449:
Information on public safety and security
,
October
1989
December
1989
do 1 2.3/053613:
Chronik,
1987
1988
do1 2.3/053614:
Chronik,
1989

BArch DO 1 34. Ministerium des Innern derDDR, Hauptabteilung Innere Angelegenheiten [Ministry of the Interior, Department of Internal Affairs]

do 1 34/29282–29301:
Released emigrants to the FRG
and
West Berlin
,
1988
1989
do 1 34/40845–40847:
Petitions on behalf of New Forum
,
1989
do 1 34/53268:
Persons released from citizenship of the GDR (Special trains to the FRG)
do 1 34/54134:
Emigration,
1954
1961
do 1 34/54135:
Emigration,
1961
1988
do 1 34/55243–55248:
Emigration and Special Trains,
1989
do 1 34/55068:
Emigration

BArch DO 4. Staatssekretär für Kirchenfragen. 6. Abteilung II Evangelische Kirche und Religionsgemeinschaften [State Secretary for Church Questions. Division 6/II Protestant Church and Religious Congregations]

do 4753:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony/Synods,
1987
1988
do 4767:
Hostile Activities,
1987
1988
do 4 768:
Hostile Activities,
1989
do 4 1488:
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony/Synods,
1989
Hoover Institution Archives,
Stanford University
GDR Oral History Project.

Printed transcripts of interviews

Bisky
Lothar
.
Socialist intellectual and pds leader
Interviewed by
Bortfeldt
H.
,
April
6
,
1993
.
Brie
Michael
.
Professor of social philosophy and pds leader
. Interviewed by
Siena
M.
,
December
23
,
1991
.
Eberlein, Werner. Former Politburo member and district chair for Magdeburg. Interviewed by J. Torpey,
February
2
,
1992
.
Eppelmann
Rainer
.
Former pastor in East Berlin.
Interviewed by Banchoff
T.
December
5
,
1991
.
Fischer
Oskar
.
Former Politburo member and GDR foreign minister
. Interviewed by
McAdams
J.
March
9
,
1993
.
Gauck
Joachim
..
Pastor in Rostock, New Forum activist.
Interviewed by
Torpey,
J.
April
23
,
1993
.
Gysi
Gregor
..
Attorney and pds leader
.Interviewed by
Bortfeldt
H.
July
6
,
1993
.
Hager
Kurt
.
Former Politburo member
. Interviewed by
McAdams
J.
and
Epstein
C.
and
December
3
,
1990
;
July
11
,
1991
;
August
6
,
1993
.
Hilsberg
Stefan
.
ifm activist and spd member
. Interviewed by
Banchoff
T.
,
June
14
,
1991
.
Krenz
Egon
.
Former Politburo member and state premier
. Interviewed by
Bortfeldt
H.
Former Politburo member and state premier. Interviewed by
May
31
,
1990
.
Meckel
Markus
.
Former pastor in East Berlin
. Interviewed by
Banchoff
T.
,
June
10
,
1991
.
Modrow
Hans
.
Former Dresden district chief and GDR state premier
. Interviewed by
Bortfeldt
H.
,
March
17
,
1993
.
Reich
Jens
.
Physicist and New Forum leader
. Interviewed by
Siena
M.
,
December
28
,
1989
;,
December
28
,
1991
.
Templin
Wolfgang
, and
Templin
Regina
“(Lotte)”. Human rights activists. Interviewed by
Torpey
J.
,
August
29
,
1991
;
February
3
,
1992
.
Ullmann
Wolfgang
.
Theologian and Democracy Now leader
. Interviewed by
Banchoff
T.
November
12
,
1991
.
Mathias-Domaschk-Archiv, Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft e.V. Berlin. Bestand Bürgerbeweung [New Forum Archive in the Robert-Havemann-Society]

New Forum Organization

nfo
047
055
Original Unterschriftenlister der Unterstützungserklärungen zum Neuen Forum
(
September
October
1989
).
nfo 135/136
Protokoll der Gründungskonferenz des Neuen Forums
,
27
28
January
1990
.
Sächsischer Landtag (sl). Beschlussempfehlung und Bericht des Sonderausschusses Zur Untersuchung Von amts- und Machtmissbrauch Infolge Der Sed-Herrschaft [Saxon State Parliament. Final Recommendation and Report of the Special Committee for the Investigation of the Abuse of Offices and Power in the sed Government].
Dresden,
July
1994
.
Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Leipzig (Stal) [Saxon State Archives at Leipzig]. Bezirksparteiarchiv der sed Leipzig [Leipzig District Party Archive]
Bezirksleitung der SED Leipzig, Büro des Sekretariats [Leipzig District SED Leadership, Office of the Secrateriat]
sed iv f-2/1/013–017:
Protokolle Tagungen der Bezirksleitung
sed iv f -2/2/029:
Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zu der politischen-ideologischen Arbeit an der Karl-Marx-Universität und an Hoch- und Fachhochschulen (9.3.89)
sed iv f -2/2/ 029
: Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zur Eröffnung des Parteilehrjahres (
12.9
.
89
)
sed iv f -2/2/ 030:
Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zur Auswertung der 10. Tagungdes zk der sed (23.11.89)
sed iv f -2/3/116–121:
Protokolle Sitzungen der Bezirksleitung
Stadtleitung der SED [City Leadership of SED]
sed iv f-5/1/08–09:
Protokolle der Tagungen der Stadtleitung
sed iv f-5/1/051–052:
Protokolle der Sitzungen des Sekretariats
Stadtparteikontrolkommission der SED Leipzig [Municipal Party Control Commission of the SED Leipzig]
sed iv f-5/1/057–059:
Berichte und Prüfungen, Apparat und Grundorganisationen
sed iv f-5/1/062:
Protokolle Sitzungen,
1989
sed iv f-5/1/063:
Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzungen Leninistischen Normen
sed iv f-5/1/063:
Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzungen der Leninistischen Normen, Gesetzverstösse,
1987
1989
sed iv f-5/1/064–065:
Stadtparteikontrolkommission Untersuchungen in Grundorganisationen,
1987
1989
sed iv f-5/1/069–070:
Stadtparteikontrolkommission. Eingaben an die leitende Parteiorgane,
1988
1989
sed iv f-5/1/076:
Information, Stimmungen, Meinungen, Argumente
SED-Stadtbezirksleitung Leipzig-Mitte [SED Municipal District Leadership-Center]
sed iv f -5/2/039:
Protokolle Sitzungen des Sekretariats. Fortsetzung
Oct
Nov
.
1989
sed iv f -5/2/039:
Stadtbezirksparteikontrolkommission Protokolle Sitzungen
Oct
.–
Nov
.
1989
sed iv f -5/2/052–054:
Information über feindliche Einflüsse,
1987
1989
sed iv F-5/2/052–054:
Stadtbezirksparteikontrolkommission Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzung der Leninistischen Normen, Gesetz-verletzung,
1987
1989
sed iv F-2/2/062:
Information und Berichte der Stadtbezirksleitung über Stimmungen und Argumente der Bevölkerung,
1987
1988
SED-Stadtbezirksleitung Leipzig-Südwest [SED Municipal District Leadership-Leipzig-Southwest]
sed iv F-5/7/060:
Information über feindliche Einflüsse auf Parteimitglieder, Verletzungen der Leninistischen Normen und Gesetzverletzungen,
1987
1989
Stiftung Archiv Parteien und Massenorganisationen der Deutschen Demo-kratischen Republik im Bundesarchiv (sapmo-BArch), Berlin [Archive of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR in the German National Archive]
DY30.
Zentralkomitee der SED. Abteilung Sicherheitsfragen des ZK der SED(1981–1989) [Central Committee of the SED. Division for Security Affairs]
dy 30/825:
Sitzungen des Politbüros des zk der sed,
1981
1989
dy 30/840:
zk der sed. Abt. Sicherheitsfragen. Tatigkeit der Abt. SF. Bd.5,
1989
DY30
.
Bestand Büro Erich Honecker [Holdings of the Office of Erich Honecker]
dy 30/2175:
Entwicklung der DDR Kreisen
dy 30/2182:
Berichte über politische Probleme in der DDR
DY30/IV/2/2.039
.
Bestand Büro Egon Krenz [Holdings of the Office of Egon Krenz]
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/74:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der sed.
1989
.06
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/76:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der Sed.
1989
.08
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/77:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der sed.
1989
.09
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/308
: Ausreisen nach brd,
1984
1988
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/309
: Übersiedlungen, ständige Ausreisen nach brd
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/326
: Haltung Bürgerbewegungen, neue Parteien in der DDR
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/330
: Information Abt. Parteiorgane des zk der sed an E. Krenz,
1989
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/336
: Information Zentralrat der fdj / Abt. Jugend des zk der sed an E. Krenz

Other files

j iv/2/3/4350/7
:
Protokoll der Sitzung des Sekretariats am
18
.
1
.
1989
j iv 2/50/30
: Abteilung Parteiorgane der sed beim zk der sed
j iv 2/50/30/2040
: Eingaben an die Partei
j iv 2/50/30/2935
: Information über Versorgung des Volkes

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Bundestag der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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1995
.
Materialien der Enquete-Kommission “Aufarbeitung von Geschichte und Folgen der
sed -Diktatur in Deutschland” 1
8
vols.
Frankfurt am Main
:
Suhrkamp
.
Büscher
Wolfgang
,
Wensierski
Peter
, and
Wolschner
Klaus
, eds.
1982
.
Friedensbewegung in der DDR:. Texte 1978–1982
.
Hattingen
:
Edition Transit
.
Central Committee of the sed
.
1981
.
Successful Path of Developing an Advanced Socialist Society in the GDR: Facts and Figures
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Daniels
Robert V.
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.
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Jarausch
Konrad H.
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Michaelis
Julia
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.
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Berlin
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Forum Verlag
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Mitter
Stefan
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Wolle
Stefan
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Grit Hartmann
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1990
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Stokes
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Leipziger Volkszeitung
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Neues Deutschland
[GDR daily]
New York Times
[New York daily]
Sächsisches Tageblatt
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Die Tageszeitung
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Figures & Tables

Contents

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References

abl h1:
Events in Leipzig,
1953
1990
ablh2:
Opposition Groups in Leipzig
ablh3:
Materials on GDR Opposition
ablh4:
Parties and movements in Leipzig
abl h8:
Information from mfs Abt. xx (bv-Leipzig)
abl h9:
Information from mfs Abt. xx (BV-Leipzig
abl hii:
Information on the dissolution of the Mfs
abl hi6:
New Forum
1990
abl h17:
New Forum
1989
abl h24:
Material on Alliance9o/The Greens
abl h46:
Material on Alliance9o/The Greens in the Bundestag
abl sh d:
Events in Dresden
1989
Bestand Arnold (ABL BA) [Michael Arnold Mdl in Sachsen]
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Materials of the nvr der DDR,
Oct
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi 12:
Materials of the Ministerium des Innern der Deutschen Demo-kratischen Republik,
1984
1988
abl ba h mdi13:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Oct
.
1989
abl ba h mdi 14:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi15:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR,
Nov
.
1989
abl ba h mdi16:
Materials of the Mdl der DDR
Dec
.
1989
abl ba h mfs-pb I:
Materials of the mfs der DDR,
1970
1987
abl ba h mfs-pb II:
Materials of the mfs der DDR,
1988
1989
Dissident publications
abl Box 2:
Grenzfall
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Berlin
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1986
1989
abl Box 4:
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1989
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1989
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May
1990
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Information on public safety and security
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1989
December
1989
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Chronik,
1987
1988
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Chronik,
1989
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Released emigrants to the FRG
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West Berlin
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1989
do 1 34/40845–40847:
Petitions on behalf of New Forum
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1989
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Persons released from citizenship of the GDR (Special trains to the FRG)
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Emigration,
1954
1961
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Emigration,
1961
1988
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Emigration and Special Trains,
1989
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Emigration
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1987
1988
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1987
1988
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1989
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nfo 135/136
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Sächsischer Landtag (sl). Beschlussempfehlung und Bericht des Sonderausschusses Zur Untersuchung Von amts- und Machtmissbrauch Infolge Der Sed-Herrschaft [Saxon State Parliament. Final Recommendation and Report of the Special Committee for the Investigation of the Abuse of Offices and Power in the sed Government].
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sed iv f-2/1/013–017:
Protokolle Tagungen der Bezirksleitung
sed iv f -2/2/029:
Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zu der politischen-ideologischen Arbeit an der Karl-Marx-Universität und an Hoch- und Fachhochschulen (9.3.89)
sed iv f -2/2/ 029
: Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zur Eröffnung des Parteilehrjahres (
12.9
.
89
)
sed iv f -2/2/ 030:
Protokoll der Bezirksaktivtagung zur Auswertung der 10. Tagungdes zk der sed (23.11.89)
sed iv f -2/3/116–121:
Protokolle Sitzungen der Bezirksleitung
Stadtleitung der SED [City Leadership of SED]
sed iv f-5/1/08–09:
Protokolle der Tagungen der Stadtleitung
sed iv f-5/1/051–052:
Protokolle der Sitzungen des Sekretariats
Stadtparteikontrolkommission der SED Leipzig [Municipal Party Control Commission of the SED Leipzig]
sed iv f-5/1/057–059:
Berichte und Prüfungen, Apparat und Grundorganisationen
sed iv f-5/1/062:
Protokolle Sitzungen,
1989
sed iv f-5/1/063:
Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzungen Leninistischen Normen
sed iv f-5/1/063:
Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzungen der Leninistischen Normen, Gesetzverstösse,
1987
1989
sed iv f-5/1/064–065:
Stadtparteikontrolkommission Untersuchungen in Grundorganisationen,
1987
1989
sed iv f-5/1/069–070:
Stadtparteikontrolkommission. Eingaben an die leitende Parteiorgane,
1988
1989
sed iv f-5/1/076:
Information, Stimmungen, Meinungen, Argumente
SED-Stadtbezirksleitung Leipzig-Mitte [SED Municipal District Leadership-Center]
sed iv f -5/2/039:
Protokolle Sitzungen des Sekretariats. Fortsetzung
Oct
Nov
.
1989
sed iv f -5/2/039:
Stadtbezirksparteikontrolkommission Protokolle Sitzungen
Oct
.–
Nov
.
1989
sed iv f -5/2/052–054:
Information über feindliche Einflüsse,
1987
1989
sed iv F-5/2/052–054:
Stadtbezirksparteikontrolkommission Analysen, Information über feindliche Einflüsse, Verletzung der Leninistischen Normen, Gesetz-verletzung,
1987
1989
sed iv F-2/2/062:
Information und Berichte der Stadtbezirksleitung über Stimmungen und Argumente der Bevölkerung,
1987
1988
SED-Stadtbezirksleitung Leipzig-Südwest [SED Municipal District Leadership-Leipzig-Southwest]
sed iv F-5/7/060:
Information über feindliche Einflüsse auf Parteimitglieder, Verletzungen der Leninistischen Normen und Gesetzverletzungen,
1987
1989
Stiftung Archiv Parteien und Massenorganisationen der Deutschen Demo-kratischen Republik im Bundesarchiv (sapmo-BArch), Berlin [Archive of the Parties and Mass Organizations of the GDR in the German National Archive]
DY30.
Zentralkomitee der SED. Abteilung Sicherheitsfragen des ZK der SED(1981–1989) [Central Committee of the SED. Division for Security Affairs]
dy 30/825:
Sitzungen des Politbüros des zk der sed,
1981
1989
dy 30/840:
zk der sed. Abt. Sicherheitsfragen. Tatigkeit der Abt. SF. Bd.5,
1989
DY30
.
Bestand Büro Erich Honecker [Holdings of the Office of Erich Honecker]
dy 30/2175:
Entwicklung der DDR Kreisen
dy 30/2182:
Berichte über politische Probleme in der DDR
DY30/IV/2/2.039
.
Bestand Büro Egon Krenz [Holdings of the Office of Egon Krenz]
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/74:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der sed.
1989
.06
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/76:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der Sed.
1989
.08
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/77:
Sitzungen Politbüro des zk der sed.
1989
.09
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/308
: Ausreisen nach brd,
1984
1988
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/309
: Übersiedlungen, ständige Ausreisen nach brd
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/326
: Haltung Bürgerbewegungen, neue Parteien in der DDR
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/330
: Information Abt. Parteiorgane des zk der sed an E. Krenz,
1989
dy 30/IV/2/2.039/336
: Information Zentralrat der fdj / Abt. Jugend des zk der sed an E. Krenz
j iv/2/3/4350/7
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18
.
1
.
1989
j iv 2/50/30
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