Figure 6. Portrait of Okuhara Seiko , Meiji period, 1870s. Albumen photograph mounted on paper card; photograph 8.3 × 5.3 cm, overall 9.8 × 5.9 cm. Private collection. Photograph: Yurika Wakamatsu. More

Figure 12. Li Yishi (Chinese, 1886–1942), Portrait of Chen Shizeng , 1920. Oil on canvas, 130 × 70 cm. Central Academy of Fine Arts Art Museum, Beijing. More

Figure 23. Conventionalized portrait of Mahārāṇā Karan Singh, Mewar, ca. 1700. Cloth, 196 × 142 cm. Photograph: © The Trustees of the British Museum. More

Figure 11. Qiu Ti, Self-portrait , 1937. Lost and presumed destroyed. Exhibited in the Second National Art Exhibition and published in the exhibition catalogue A Special Collection of the Second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the Auspices of the Ministry of Education, Part Three More

Figure 1. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Formal Portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi , 1903. Photograph, 23 × 17 cm. The Alice Roosevelt Longworth Collection of Photographs from the 1905 Taft Mission to Asia, 1905, FSA.A2009.02 Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives More

Figure 2. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Formal Portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi , 1903. Gugong Palace Museum Collection, Beijing. Photograph provided by the Palace Museum, Beijing. More

Figure 3. Katherine Carl (American, 1965–1938), Portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi , 1903 (completed in China). Oil on canvas with camphor wood frame, 505.8 × 262.9 × 142.2 cm (frame assembled). Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: Transfer from the Smithsonian More

Figure 10. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Group Mirror Portrait. The Empress Dowager Cixi with Attendants in front of Paiyunmen, Summer Palace, Beijing , 1903–5. Glass plate negative, 24.1 × 17.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives Purchase, 1966. Smithsonian More

Figure 11. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Formal Mirror Portrait. Cixi, Empress Dowager, 1835–1908 , 1903–5. Glass plate negative, 24.1 × 17.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives Purchase, 1966. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, FSA A.13 SC-GR-251. More

Figure 12. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Formal Mirror Portrait , 1903–1905. Gugong Palace Museum Collection, Beijing. Photograph provided by the Palace Museum, Beijing. More

Figure 17. Yu Xunling (Chinese, ca. 1880–1943), Group Mirror Portrait. The Empress Dowager Cixi with Attendants in Front of Paiyunmen, Summer Palace, Beijing (detail), 1903–5. Glass plate negative, 24.1 × 17.8 cm. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives. Smithsonian More

Figure 27. The “Forgotten Family Portrait”; from left: Skanda, Śiva, and Pārvatī from Gajendra Ghat. Photograph: Elizabeth A. Cecil. More

Figure 1. Portrait of Stephen W. Bushell (1844–1908). Artwork in public domain. Photograph: courtesy of Wellcome Collection. More

Figure 6. Zhu Henian (Chinese, 1760–1834), Copy of the Portrait of Su Shi by Li Gonglin , late eighteenth century. Ink on paper, 26.6 × 16 cm. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai. From Su Wenzhong Tianji Wuyun tie zhenqi . More

Figure 7. Zhu Henian (Chinese, 1760–1834), Portrait of Su Shi after Zhao Mengjian , late eighteenth century. Hanging scroll, ink on paper, dimensions unknown. Whereabouts unknown. From H. Kim, “Chu’sa Kim Chŏng-hŭi ka suyonghan Ong Panggang sojang So Sik chinyŏng,” 131. More

Figure 8. Zhu Zhifan (Chinese, jinshi 1595), Portrait of Su Shi in Rustic Attire , 1619. Hanging scroll; ink on paper, 92 × 29 cm. Guangdong Provincial Museum, Guangzhou. More

Figure 12. Hŏ Ryŏn (Korean, 1807–1892), Portrait of Kim Chŏnghŭi in the Guise of Su Shi in Rustic Attire . Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper, 51 × 24 cm. AmorePacific Museum of Art, Seoul. More

21. Goseda Yoshio (Japanese, 1864–1943), Portrait of Tsuda Umeko , Meiji era (1868–1912), ca. 1893–1912. Painting on silk in mineral pigments, sumi ink, and clamshell gesso, 93 × 74.9 cm. Harn Museum of Art, 2015.15. Museum purchase, funds provided by the Kathleen M. Axline Acquisition More

Figure 2. Postage stamp issued in 2000 by Korea Post with an imagined portrait of Sin Saimdang based on a painting by Kim Ŭnho (1892–1979). Photograph: courtesy of Korea Post. More