Send newly found words to atnw@americandialect.org
The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
REFERENCES
References to dated quotations (e.g., “see 2018 Sept. 9 quot.”) refer to citations in the full lexicographical treatments, available online as supplemental material (https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-10887733).
Allen, Mark.
2023
. “Word of the Year 2022
.” That Word Chat
, Jan.
17
, 2023
. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oz5Vix1Fn08.Anderson, Steve.
2023
. “Musk Crowns Linda Yaccarino as New Chief Twit, Tesla Shares Fall
.” TipRanks
, May
12
, 2023
. https://www.tipranks.com/news/musk-crowns-new-chief-twit-tesla-shares-jump.Barr, Sabrina.
2021
. “What Is ‘the ick’ and How Does It Develop? Experts Give Us the Lowdown
.” Independent
, Aug.
17
, 2021
. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/got-the-ick-meaning-love-island-b1904060.html.Benveniste, Alexis.
2022
. “The Sudden Rise of Wordle
.” New York Times
, Jan.
31
, 2022
. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/31/crosswords/nyt-wordle-purchase.html.Calhoun, Kendra; Fawcett, Alexia.
2022
. “‘They Edited Out Her Nip Nops’: Linguistic Innovation as Textual Censorship Avoidance on TikTok
.” Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America
, Washington, D.C.
, Jan. 6–9, 2022
.Cao, Steffi; Dahir, Ikran.
2022
. “How Wordle Became the Internet’s Omicron Pastime
.” Buzzfeed News
, Jan.
15
, 2022
. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stefficao/how-wordle-went-viral-strategy.Carry, Owen.
2022
. “Dark Brandon
.” Know Your Meme
, July
15
, 2022
. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/dark-brandon.Cavendar, Elena.
2022
. “Twitter Users Get Creative with Emoji Thanks to the ‘If I Text You’ Meme
.” Mashable
, Jul
12
, 2022
. https://mashable.com/article/if-i-text-you-emoji-twitter-meme.Cohn, Neil; Daniel, Jennifer.
2019
. “Dotted-Line-Face Proposal for Unicode 14.0
.” Unicode Technical Committee L2/20-233
. Oct.
2019
. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20223-dotted-line-face.pdf.Cohn, Neil; Daniel, Jennifer; Carter, Erik.
2019
. “Melting Face Proposal for Unicode 14.0
.” Unicode Technical Committee L2/20-072
. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20072-melting-face-emoji.pdf.Cohn, Neil; Ehly, Sean.
2016
. “The Vocabulary of Manga: Visual Morphology in Dialects of Japanese Visual Language
.” Journal of Pragmatics
92
: 17
–29
. .Dictionary.com.
1995
–. Dictionary.com LLC. https://www.dictionary.com/. Currently based on the Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary
, 2nd ed. (2001
); incrementally revised; emoji section added in 2018.Dictionary.com.
2022
. “Do You Know What These Gen Z Slang Terms Mean—and Where They Really Come From?
” Jan.
28
, 2022
. https://www.dictionary.com/e/gen-z-slang/.Emojipedia
. 2013
–. Zedge, Inc
. https://emojipedia.org/. Emoji reference site; incrementally revised and updated.Friedman, Nancy.
2022
. “Word of the Week: It’s Giving
.” Fritinancy
, Nov
21
, 2022
. https://nancyfriedman.typepad.com/away_with_words/2022/11/word-of-the-week-its-giving.html.Gerstein, Josh; Ward, Alexander.
2022
. “Supreme Court Has Voted to Overturn Abortion Right, Draft Opinion Shows
.” Politico
, May
2
, 2022
. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/02/supreme-court-abortion-draft-opinion-00029473.Hamilton, Phillip.
2022a
. “Chronically Online
.” Know Your Meme
, Aug.
9
, 2022
. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/chronically-online.Hamilton, Phillip.
2022b
. “If I Text You X It Means
.” Know Your Meme
, Aug.
2
, 2022
. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/if-i-text-you-x-it-means.Hamilton, Phillip.
2022c
. “It’s Giving
.” Know Your Meme
, May
2
, 2022
. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/its-giving.Hathaway, Jay.
2018
. “What Does It Mean to Be Extremely Online?
” Daily Dot
, May
29
, 2018
. https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/what-does-it-mean-to-be-extremely-online/.Holliday, Nicole; Tano, Marie.
2020
. “‘It’s a Whole Vibe’: Testing Evaluations of Grammatical and Ungrammatical AAE on Twitter
.” Linguistics Vanguard
7
, no. 1
: art. 20200095. .Holliday, Nicole; Zimmer, Ben.
2022a
. “The Making of Wordle
.” Spectacular Vernacular (podcast), Slate
, Jan.
18
, 2022
. https://slate.com/podcasts/spectacular-vernacular/2022/01/wordle-creator-josh-wardle-how-he-made-the-game.Holliday, Nicole; Zimmer, Ben.
2022b
. “Wordle’s Creator Thinks He Knows Why the Game Has Gone So Viral
.” Slate
, Jan.
19
, 2022
. https://slate.com/culture/2022/01/wordle-game-creator-wardle-twitter-scores-strategy-stats.html.Kambhampaty, Anna P.
2021
. “The Melting Face Emoji Has Already Won Us Over
.” New York Times
, Sept.
29
, 2021
. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/29/style/melting-face-emoji-unicode.html.Klee, Miles.
2023
. “Why 200 Linguistic Scholars Decided That ‘-ussy’ Is the Word of th Year
.” Rolling Stone
, Jan.
10
, 2023
. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/ussy-word-of-the-year-linguistics-1234658148/.Lorenz, Taylor.
2022
. “Internet ‘Algospeak’ Is Changing Our Language in Real Time, from ‘Nip Nops’ to ‘le dollar bean’
.” Washington Post
, Apr.
8
, 2022
. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/08/algospeak-tiktok-le-dollar-bean/.Madison, Caleb.
2021
. “‘It’s Giving’: A Gift to Language
.” The Atlantic
, Dec
6
, 2021
. https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2021/12/the-good-word-december-6th/620894/.Mauran, Cecily.
2022
. “14 of the Best ‘Wordle’ Clones, because One Word a Day Isn’t Enough
.” Mashable
, Mar.
11
, 2022
. https://mashable.com/article/best-wordle-clones-alternatives.[Metcalf, Allan].
1991
. “New Words of 1990
.” Newsletter of the American Dialect Society
23
, no. 1
(Jan.
): 6
. https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/NADS.23.1.pdf.McCulloch, Gretchen.
2015
. “What 4 New Snowclones Like ‘X-ers Gonna X’ Have in Common
.” Mental Floss
, Oct.
26
, 2015
. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/70187/what-4-new-snowclones-x-ers-gonna-x-have-common.Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
1996
–. Merriam-Webster
. https://www.merriamwebster.com/. Originally based on Merriam-Webster ’s Collegiate Dictionary, 9th ed. (1983); incrementally revised.OED Online
. 2000
–. Oxford University Press
. https://www.oed.com/. Originally based on the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. (1989); incrementally revised in preparation for 3rd ed.Ovide, Shira.
2022
. “Post-Roe, Her Facebook Group Went Viral
.” On Tech with Shira Ovide (blog). New York Times
, June
30
, 2022
. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/30/technology/facebook-groups-abortion.html.Oxford University Press
. 2022
. “Oxford Word of the Year 2022
.” Dec.
5
, 2022
. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2022/.Partz, Helen.
2021
. “Users Unable to Sell Squid Game Token Clocking 45,000% Gains
.” Cointelegraph
, Oct.
29
, 2021
. https://cointelegraph.com/news/users-not-able-to-sell-squid-game-token-clocking-45-000-gains.Peel, Raquel.
2021
. “What Is ‘the Ick’? A Psychological Scientist Explains This TikTok Trend
.” The Conversation
, Oct.
11
, 2021
. https://theconversation.com/amp/what-is-the-ick-a-psychological-scientist-explains-this-tiktok-trend-169546.Perry, Ally.
2022
. “Best ‘If I Text You’ Memes for People Afraid to Share Their Real Feelings
.” CHEEZburger
, July
19
, 2022
. https://cheezburger.com/17459461/best-if-i-text-you-memes-for-people-afraid-to-share-their-real-feelings.Phelan, David.
2022
. “Apple Suddently Unveils 37 New Emoji Including 1 You’ll Want Right Now
.” Forbes
, Jan.
29
, 2022
. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidphelan/2022/01/29/apple-suddenly-unveils-37-new-iphone-emoji-including-1-youll-want-right-now-iphone-13/.Puggioni, Valerio.
2022
. “Crypto Rug Pulls: What Is a Rug Pull in Crypto and 6 Ways to Spot It
.” Cointelegraph
, Feb.
6
, 2022
. https://cointelegraph.com/explained/crypto-rug-pulls-what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto-and-6-ways-to-spot-it.Rakshas, Sakshi.
2022
. “BFFR (Be Fucking For Real)
.” Know Your Meme
, Aug.
25
, 2022
. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/bffr-be-fucking-for-real.Rauchberg, Jessica Sage.
2022
. “#Shadowbanned: Queer, Trans, and Disabled Creator Responses to Algorithmic Oppression on TikTok
.” In LGBTQ Digital Cultures: A Global Perspective
, edited by Pain, Paromita, 196
–209
. New York
: Routledge
.Serrell, Kwele.
2016
. “TT the Artist Isn’t Here for Industry Dick-Riding
.” Vice
, Oct.
18
, 2016
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/exvp74/tt-the-artist-isnt-here-for-industry-dick-riding.Sirucek, Stefan.
2019
. “The Full-Circle Journal of ‘Homer Simpson Backs into the Bushes’
.” Vulture
, June
24
, 2019
. https://www.vulture.com/2019/06/simpsons-homer-backs-into-the-bushes-meme-gif.html.Squires, Bethy.
2022
. “We Asked Linguists Why People Are Adding-Ussy to Every Word
.” Vulture
, Jan.
26
, 2022
. https://www.vulture.com/2022/01/bussy-trend-linguists-explain.html.Urban Dictionary
. 1999
–. Urban Dictionary LLC
. https://www.urbandictionary.com/. Crowdsourced database of words and phrases with definitions and examples and with little editorial oversight.Victor, Daniel.
2022
. “Wordle Is a Love Story
.” New York Times
, Jan.
3
, 2022
. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/technology/wordle-word-game-creator.html.WGSN Insider
. 2022
. “Slanguage 2022: Three Key Terms
.” WGSN
, Oct
15
, 2022
. https://www.wgsn.com/en/blogs/slanguage-2022-three-key-terms.Wright, Kelly.
2023
. “2022 Word of the Year Noms Report
.” YouTube, Jan. 5, 2023
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTwplxZLVrs.Yang, Jocelyn.
2022
. “Crypto Market’s Near-Apocalypse in 2022 Turns Zombie Tokens into Dead Coins
.” CoinDesk
, Dec.
13
, 2022
. https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2022/12/13/crypto-markets-near-apocalypse-in-2022-turns-zombie-tokens-into-dead-coins/.[Zimmer, Ben].
2023
. “American Dialect Society Selects ‘-ussy’ as 2022 Word of the Year
.” Press release
, Jan.
6
, 2023
. American Dialect Society
. https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf.Zwicky, Arnold.
2006
. “Unblogged Snowclones
.” Language Log
, Nov.
11
, 2006
. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003765.html.Zwicky, Arnold.
2007
. “On the Fringes of Snowclonia
.” Language Log
, Sept.
23
, 2007
. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004949.html.Copyright 2023 by the American Dialect Society
2023