... time, refusing the suitor’s first proposal and accepting his second. For middle-class Victorian women, the dialogue of the Woman Question and the hegemonic imperatives of wealth meant facing courtship while considering the alternative—a career. In the double-proposal novels Tracey explores...

... and was supplanted only by Peterson’s Field Guide (1934). Beginning with the popular and critically acclaimed Friendship of Nature (1894), Wright’s liter- ary career included books of nature observation, novels, children’s books, and essays and editorial work for Bird-Lore, the predecessor of Audubon maga- zine...

... and the literary marketplace in the United States’’ (2), which includes a reassessment of the career and output of Zona Gale, proves a more manageable task than Crain’s attempt to trace a pattern of feeling that was encouraged, by developments in philosophy and politics, through four unrelated case studies...

...Jesse Zuba The proliferation of first book prizes for poetry reflects the increasingly professionalized academic culture in which poetry was published, written, and read during the 1950s and 1960s. This change threatened the validity of the poetic vocation by formalizing the career and thus opening...

...R. John Williams Despite his enormous popularity as a native interpreter of Chinese culture for Western readers, Lin Yutang's literary career has been largely ignored in American studies and only selectively attended to in Asian and Asian American studies. This essay argues that much...

..., trusts, and corporations. The book presents the competition between these alternative paradigms by following the shifting career choices and internal conflicts of its protagonist, Dr. Howard Sommers, as he strives to satisfy his own vision—at times itself contradictory—of medical professionalism...

...Mary Kuhn This essay, by paying attention to botanical language, reveals how Stowe's environmental sensibility affects her racial politics and abolitionist strategies. The theories of plant growth and vitality she draws on as her career develops refute the strict classification and cultivation...

...Joanna Brooks This essay challenges the image, popularized by Henry Louis Gates Jr., of eighteenth-century African American poet Phillis Wheatley “on trial” before a jury of eighteen white male judges. Brooks argues that there was no trial and that Wheatley instead made her career by cultivating...

...Christopher Hager In a standard narrative of Herman Melville's career, the author's initial tendency toward cultural nationalism—most famously displayed in his 1850 essay “Hawthorne and His Mosses”—gave way during the early 1850s to political misgivings and increasingly dark novels. The Democratic...

... the literary careers of many Native writers. It was an important and influential venue of Native literary expression in the early twentieth century that deserves greater attention from Indigenous literary and print culture studies. However, the magazine’s ambitions and how we make sense of its legacy...

.... Foregrounding Hughes’s understudied career as a pop songwriter, the article argues that the fragmented, unruly archive of the poet’s songwriting demands to be read allegorically, after the fashion of Walter Benjamin’s writings on Charles Baudelaire, whose own fusion of lyric and commodity forms anticipates...

... texts in relation to one another and to see sociocultural phenomena in a new light, in this case both the trajectory of Steinbeck’s writing career and contemporary representations of war trauma. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press 2016 literature and psychiatry John Steinbeck archive...

... represent an attempt to refigure poetic labor as a collective act, and I explore the implications that this has for the survival of the lyric poem and lyric modes of address. This article devotes sustained attention to a long-neglected period of Hughes’s career and provides a new reading of the Soviet avant...

... review the lovelorn column’s distinctive features and situate West’s satiric novella in that context. I also examine the racial dynamics of both the novella and the genre, touching briefly on the careers of two lovelorn columnists: the well-known Dorothy Dix, who was white, and the now-obscure Princess...

... with an authenticity and authority reflective of the sophisticated black literary technique he champions for the remainder of his career. © 2009 by Duke University Press 2009 Lena M. The Visual Art of Invisible Man: Hill Ellison’s Portrait of Blackness When Ralph Ellison...

... enhanced Byron's status and sales. The ensuing damage to Stowe's career, on the other hand, has been much exaggerated. The article concludes by exploring the critical and pedagogical tensions that authorship's reputational economies still engender. © 2011 by Duke University Press 2011 Susan M...

.... This essay theorizes how the novel genre functions within these publics by reconsidering the literary career of William Hill Brown, best known as the author of The Power of Sympathy (1789). Reading his lesser-known writings, I argue that Brown was an intellectual for a prominent network—often referred...

...). These new studies by Canavan and Young highlight another characteristic shared by Butler and O’Brien: both have histories of compulsive revision. In their respective studies of their subjects, Canavan and Young provide comprehensive examinations of the trajectories of their processes and careers. Through...

... purpose of rendering ‘‘a solid and helpful piece of scholarship By focusing more precisely on Warren’s debt to the romantic poets than anyone has done previously, she clarifies an aspect of Warren’s poetic career that has been...

... middle career; chapter 3, on Warren’s reborn quasi-Wordsworthian career in Promises; and chapter 4, on the quasi-Coleridgean nature of Warren’s widely admired Audubon: A Vision, which Corrigan considers ‘‘his most fully...