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milking by hand and machine
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Journal Article
Agricultural History (2024) 98 (3): 376–412.
Published: 01 August 2024
... change from hand to machine milking? One explanation starts from the shortage of milkers, specifically of female labor, on larger farms. 21 It is incontrovertible that the proportions of women and men in the countryside changed. During the 1930s the number of rural women between the ages of ten...
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Journal Article
Agricultural History (2014) 88 (4): 470–490.
Published: 01 October 2014
...-moving carousel. Through the use of a revolving, electrified platform connected to mechanical milking machines, vacuum tubes transported the milk directly to waiting bulk tanks. The machine not only eliminated the need for hand milking, but also substantially sped up the entire process. Two hundred fifty...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2010) 84 (3): 327–351.
Published: 01 July 2010
... which were not educable to the machines, do not have these things, nor do the eight or ten which are milked by hand at the other barn." Although mastitis tarnished optimism about milking machines, farmers remained invested in the new technol ogy that quickened the pace of twice-daily milking tasks.Used...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2013) 87 (1): 73–92.
Published: 01 January 2013
... , Млечната промишленост в България , 14 – 16 ; Popdimitrov , Българско кисело мляко , 50 . 24. The historian Barbara Orland records a similar practice of selling dairy products in German cities. Into the 1870s, “the sale of milk and dairy products was in the hands of producers, i.e. farmers...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2014) 88 (1): 45–67.
Published: 01 January 2014
... of Analysis in Vernacular Architecture Studies,” Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture 5 ( 1995 ): 3 – 10 ; Stewart Brand , How Buildings Learn ( New York : Penguin Books , 1995 ). 12. Kendra Smith-Howard , Pure and Modern Milk: An Environmental History Since 1900 ( New York...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2023) 97 (2): 311–318.
Published: 01 May 2023
... into the cowshed coincided with mechanization, and the ads both assured farmers that milking machines were light enough for women to carry from stall to stall and associated men with milking through their supposed affinity with machinery. But the decisive factor in this shift in the division of labor, Morell...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2004) 78 (2): 222–227.
Published: 01 April 2004
... farmers farmed a variety of crops, raised hogs and chickens, milked cows, and perhaps fed a few steers for sale. But that has changed dramatically. Now, many farmers concentrate on one or two row crops, and the raising of chickens, hogs, milk production, and cattle feeding have fallen into the hands...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2015) 89 (1): 125–127.
Published: 01 January 2015
..., 2013. 224 pp., $95.00, hardback, ISBN 978-0-7735-4084-2. Genetically engineered organisms, such as goats that produce pharmaceuticals in their milk, challenge ideas about the ontological categories we use to conceptualize the relationship between technology and nature and between nature and humanity...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2018) 92 (2): 210–226.
Published: 01 April 2018
... Preston , “Development of Intensive Methods of Animal Production,” (PhD thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne , 1955 ). 21.
For the summary of intensive methods, see Farmer and Stock-breeder 75 (Nov.–Dec. 1961 ): 3752 – 59 , quoted in Ruth Harrison , Animal Machines: The New...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2013) 87 (4): 547–549.
Published: 01 October 2013
... person, he peppers his chapters with rhetorical questions and asides such as the thought of milking a Holstein makes my hands cramp up with tendonitis and carpel [sic] tunnel inflammation and Do you begin to see the problem (104 105, 94). Reflecting his training in living history, Cheney encourages...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2015) 89 (4): 559–583.
Published: 01 October 2015
... changes in inputs.19 During the 1950s, inputs such as arable land, farm labor, tractors, and fertilizers changed. The 1950s saw an expansion of many other inputs, such as pesticides, machinery for tractors, electric installations, and milking machines. Through tractors and artificial fertilizers farming...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2020) 94 (1): 1–23.
Published: 01 January 2020
.... No longer would each farmer shovel tons of feed and manure by hand every year or haul and hoist heavy milk and cream cans every day. Farmers retired and sold draft animals and invested in new tractors and specialized tractor-drawn machines such as combines, corn pickers, forage harvesters, and hay balers...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2002) 76 (1): 1–27.
Published: 01 January 2002
... "took a hand in milking when we had reached the age of about ten years, Mother and my sisters doing their share." Butter making, too, allowed for an association of women and men. In the Dubois household in Catskill, sonin-law Peter Whitaker sporadically churned with his wife and her mother.9 8...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2000) 74 (2): 515–529.
Published: 01 April 2000
... washing machines when relatively inexpensive automatic machines were available. By focusing on the rural women who actually used the machines and contrasting their reality with that of the manufacturers' imagined con? sumers, Parr demonstrates that wringers offered distinct advantages in con? trol...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2017) 91 (3): 342–368.
Published: 01 July 2017
... Hopkins University Press , 1995). Kendra Smith-Howard and Shane Hamilton emphasize how quickly the self-provisioning elements of farm production were stripped away as beef cattle, chicken, hog, and dairy cattle raising became more specialized. See Kendra Smith-Howard , Pure and Modern Milk...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2022) 96 (1-2): 91–127.
Published: 01 May 2022
... was maybe the most obvious symbol of the industrializing thrust in American agriculture. 80 “Whenever possible, the Yankee uses machines instead of the expensive and arduous manual labor,” reported Moos in the early 1890s, “there is not one farmer who would think about doing a task with horny hands when...
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Journal Article
Agricultural History (2019) 93 (4): 656–681.
Published: 01 October 2019
... as hogs, dairy, and eggs, this colony has a large beef herd (four hundred head) that is pastured on the Milk River Ridge (Figure 6). The next Lehrerleut colony was established in 1968. It was one of a handful of colonies that defied the Communal Property Act.45 Land was bought by individual Hutterites...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2000) 74 (2): 465–474.
Published: 01 April 2000
.... But even as these women indicated an unwillingness to work in the fields or milk cows, they acknowledged that few women lived the life of leisure or that of the feminine mystique. As one responded: "women def- initely should stick to housekeeping and rearing children. Then she has her hands full. But how...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2013) 87 (4): 473–501.
Published: 01 October 2013
... of intensification. By focusing on the public debate surrounding the publication of Ruth Harrison's Animal Machines (1964), this article seeks to better understand the impact of the book by exploring the context in which it was published, the extent and nature of reporting in connection with it, and its reception...
Journal Article
Agricultural History (2004) 78 (3): 346–360.
Published: 01 July 2004
... ragwort was coming.5 Cattle are especially susceptible to the poisonous alkaloid in ragwort and, wisely, they generally avoid eating the plant. Sheep, on the other hand, are considerably more resistant to the poison and can chomp their way through significant quantities of ragwort with much less effect...
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