...John Pickard Abstract Post and rail fences had a relatively minor role in England in the eighteenth century, primarily to protect young hedges. However, they rapidly became the most advanced form of fences in the new Australian colonies founded in 1788 and later. The key feature is that thinned...

... on the Plains--cattlemen seized control of the range by fencing pastures and water holes and evicting squatters. When homesteaders resisted this exclusion, government authorities dispatched their rural constabularies--the Texas Rangers and the North-West Mounted Police--to protect a closed but embattled range...

... on the diffusion of African grasses, new breeds of cattle, barbed-wire fencing, and better ranch management. However, despite such gains, Colombian ranchers failed to break into the international beef trade; their productivity levels did not rise sufficiently to compete against major exporters such as Argentina...

...Lyn Ellen Bennett; Scott Abbott Abstract This article examines the copious and creative advertisements various manufacturers employed to sell barbed wire in the decades after its invention. Barbed-wire poems, posters, trade cards, almanacs, and fliers constructed layers of meaning for the new fence...

... , cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as the first use of the term “creeps” as “an enclosure in which young animals may feed, with an entrance too small to admit the mother.” [John Cownie], “Feeding Small Pigs,” Prairie Farmer , Dec. 5, 1896 , 6 . Sometimes the fences and the feeders combined...

..., calling for cooperation among farmers to defend their interests and blaming their economic woes upon the machinations of "middlemen." Furthermore, during the 1880s, in an attempt to defend their "Revolutionary republican heritage," many yeoman farmers opposed "stock laws" thatwould require them to fence...

... Everett Kantor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 189 pp., paperback, $18.00, ISBN 0-226-42375-1. Kantor seeks to explain the demise of southern "fence laws." Under these laws, livestock owners were not liable for damage done by roaming livestock to unfenced property. Southern states gradually...

... , 239 ; Robert H. Fletcher , Free Grass to Fences: The Montana Cattle Range Story ( New York : University , 1960 ), 87 ; L. V. Kelly , The Range Men: The Story of the Ranchers and Indians of Alberta ( High River : Willow Creek , 1988 ), 191 ; Warren M. Elofson , Frontier Cattle...

... Agricultural History Society 2005 Notes 1 Robert H. Fletcher , Free Grass to Fences; the Montana Cattle Range Story (New York: University Publishers, 1960 ), 145 -54 David H. Breen , The Canadian Prairie West and the Ranching Frontier, 1874–1924 (Toronto: University...

... grasses, and the con? struction of tanques. The availability of new equipment, such as larger tractors and caterpillars, facilitated uprooting the brush that had grown from overstocking. Clearing brush from fence to fence was the standard practice. Progress was gradual because agriculturists wanted to see...

... as a commons, codified by fence laws that required the enclosure of crops. Pigs, dogs, and horses were allowed to roam free, thus escaping anthropogenic selection. The southern range created conditions in which the boundary between wild, domesticated, and feral animals remained porous, and there was little...

... gin. It has meant picking up my wife's grandfather's rusted scythe and struggling to find the point of balance between the blade and handle. It has meant learning to spot the particular slope and vine-wrapped fence line of a superfund site. It has meant picking up the strange hedge apples of the Osage...

... quickly passed in Texas County, again because of the railroad.8 A herd law approved by the territorial legislature in 1906 hastened the process. This law required ranchers to fence in their herds to protect farm? ers' crops. In 1905, Panhandle rancher J. C. Williamson presented the cat? tleman's side...

... underlyineglementbringingthesenarrativetsogetheris landthe red earthof Oklahoma-that each groupmet and alteredin its own ways,based on agriculturaplractices. Both an agriculturaalnd an environmentahlistoryR, ed EarthdemonstrateshowtheOklahomaTerritoryof 1889,an ecologicallydiversemixed grassprairie,was convertedintoa neat arrangemenotf "fenced...

... in the 1920s (76). Rasmussen likes measurement, for instance, the value of a pound of coffee (in 1897 costing three hours of work; in 2006 less than twenty minutes). But his tendency to turn social confrontations into prisoners dilemma games Iroquois vs. white; traveller vs. innkeeper; fence-builder vs. open...

...;in 1880there were 56,880 acres of hay in Montana;by 1900 there were 712,000.Fences, barns, and irrigationfollowed. Elofson does a fine job of showing how western ranchingmythology developed out of popularculture,fostered by WildWest shows,illustratorslike Russell,anddime novels.The cowboy mythwas so stronglyin...

... on the Pampas dissects the economics of cattle production before the advent of fencing, the importation of improved breeds, and the rise of modern meat processing factories. It openly parts with those scholars who view cattle ranching as a social process invested with status rather than profit, and explores...

... the full range of historical actors, from the ranchers, great and small, to their slaves and itinerant ranch hands. Throughout he compares events in Brazil with those in neighboring Uruguay and Argentina. He well compares, for example, the importance of slave labor and fencing to the ranching economy...

... posits that the stock law debate was about tort liability, or more precisely the economic benefits that might result from shifting liability from persons fencing in crops to persons owning livestock. Yet Kantor does not consider how or whether Georgia's legal system actually enforced responsibilities...

... with Victorian ideas of progress who invested in fencing, in improved English pastures on the flats, and in growing small areas of root crops. He destabilizes the old interpretation that wool-dependent runholders relied exclusively on the Merino sheep 109 Agricultural History Spring breed by highlighting...