...Sandra Kiesow Abstract The small island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe was one of the world’s leading producers of cocoa beans in the early twentieth century. The tropical climate, the abundant precipitation, and the fertile volcanic soils of the islands contributed to a rapid development of cocoa...

...JOSEPH M. HODGE Abstract This article draws attention to the unfolding debate concerning forest cover loss, climatic change, and declining cocoa production in the Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana) during the early twentieth century. It argues that, although desiccationist theory was prevalent, its...

...Todd Cleveland Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa . By Catherine Higgs . Athens : Ohio University Press , 2012 . 236 pp., $35.96 , hardback, ISBN 978-0-8214-2006-5 . © the Agricultural History society, 2014 2014 Agricultural History Fall dung sources...

..., environmental pollution, and mineral resource limitations are beginning to constrain current practice, this is an important lesson for agronomists and environmental scientists more widely. Clare Wilson University of Sterling Africa Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa. By Catherine Higgs...

..., and the empowerment of people. He also discusses elementary, static, dynamic, and agglomerate engines of growth as they relate to agricultural productivity. Numerous tables and graphs supplement the section on the external market and access to it. Townsend considers export crops such as cocoa, coffee, and cotton...

... and Progressive Era Breeding and Genetics,” Agricultural History 79, no. 1 (Winter 2005): 50–57; Joseph M. Hodge, “Colonial Foresters Versus Agriculturalists: The Debate over Climate Change and Cocoa Production in the Gold Coast,” Agricultural History 83, no. 2 (Spring 2009): 201–20; Mark D. Hersey, “‘What We...

...: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Robin Dand, The International Cocoa Trade , 3rd ed (Cambridge: Woodhead, 2010); R.H.V. Corley and P.B.H. Tinker, The Oil Palm , 5th ed. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2016), 19-20. 9. In this study, Malaya as well as the Malay Peninsula are used interchangeably to refer...

... the south, and its appearance in Fannin County suggests an ongoing local admiration for things Confederate. Mrs. i. P. Farrar of nobility gave a recipe for negro Joe loaf Cake made with sugar, butter, eggs, cocoa, water, flour, buttermilk, soda, vanilla, and raisins or nuts. Farrar may have been...

...? ple, recipes for chocolate in early cookbooks, as a beverage and in cakes, caramels, and custards. These suggest that it was a standard commodity. Trade statistics, available after mid-century, suggest a different story, how? ever. In 1861 twenty-five thousand pounds of cocoa and chocolate were...

... Chamber? lain's model for his colonial development policy. Although crops such as limes, cocoa, and nutmeg were significant, sugar remained the mainstay of the West Indian economy in the 1880s and 1890s. But its economic vitality had been greatly eroded by the abolition of slavery, the abandonment...

.... British officers, not local people as in Lesotho, performed this work in most territories until the 1930s. Early British outreach aimed to boost production of such cash crops as cocoa, cotton, and tobacco, but the 1920s saw a partial shift toward farmers needs. Although the case of Lesotho has important...